vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-191-211vir-nw-1879Research ArticleОБЗОРЫSURVEYSКоллекция ВИР и гербарий ВИР (WIR) для сохранения, расширения и использования генетического разнообразия виноградаThe plant germplasm and herbarium (WIR) collections maintained at VIR as contributors to grape genetic diversity conservation, expansion and utilizationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2438-9156АгахановМ. М.AgakhanovM. M.

Магамедгусейн Магамедганифович Агаханов, кандидат биологических наук, директор,

404160 Волгоградская область, Среднеахтубинский район, Краснослободск, квартал Опытная станция ВИР, 30

Magamedgusein M. Agakhanov, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Director, 

VIR Exp. Station Block, Krasnoslobodsk 404160

m.agahanov@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0768-0056БагметЛ. В.BagmetL. V.

Лариса Владимировна Багмет, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник,

190000 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44

Larisa V. Bagmet, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher,

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000

l.bagmet@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-7662ТихоноваН. Г.TikhonovaN. G.

Надежда Геннадьевна Тихонова, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник,

190000 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44

Nadezhda G. Tikhonova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher,

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000

n.g.tikhonova@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7328-437XЕрастенковаМ. В.ErastenkovaM. V.

Мария Викторовна Ерастенкова, аспирант,

190000 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44

Mariya V. Erastenkova, Postgraduate Student, 

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000

merastenkova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1832-894XКислинЕ. Н.KislinE. N.

Евгений Николаевич Кислин, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник,

190000 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Evgeny N. Kislin, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Researcher, 

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000

e.kislin@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9366-0216УхатоваЮ. В.UkhatovaYu. V.

Юлия Васильевна Ухатова, кандидат биологических наук, заместитель директора, 190000 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44;

354340 Краснодарский край, федеральная территория «Сириус», пгт. Сириус, Олимпийский пр., 1

Yulia V. Ukhatova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Deputy Director, 42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000;

1 Olimpiysky Ave., Sirius Settlem., Sirius Federal Territory, Krasnodar Territory 354340

y.ukhatova@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-8254ХлесткинаЕ. К.KhlestkinaE. K.

Елена Константиновна Хлесткина, доктор биологических наук, профессор РАН, директор, 190000 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44;

руководитель направления «Биология и биотехнология растений», 354340 Краснодарский край, федеральная территория «Сириус», пгт. Сириус, Олимпийский пр., 1

Elena K. Khlestkina, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor of the RAS, Director, 42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000;

1 Olimpiysky Ave., Sirius Settlem., Sirius Federal Territory, Krasnodar Territory 354340

director@vir.nw.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова, Волгоградская опытная станция – филиал ВИРРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Volgograd Experiment Station of VIRRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова; Научно-технологический университет «Сириус», Центр генетики и наук о жизниРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Research Center of Genetics and Life SciencesRussian Federation2024030520241851191211Copyright © Агаханов М.М., Багмет Л.В., Тихонова Н.Г., Ерастенкова М.В., Кислин Е.Н., Ухатова Ю.В., Хлесткина Е.К., 20242024Агаханов М.М., Багмет Л.В., Тихонова Н.Г., Ерастенкова М.В., Кислин Е.Н., Ухатова Ю.В., Хлесткина Е.К.Agakhanov M.M., Bagmet L.V., Tikhonova N.G., Erastenkova M.V., Kislin E.N., Ukhatova Y.V., Khlestkina E.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1879

Научная деятельность по совершенствованию стандартов систематизации сбора и хранения ценных образцов генетических ресурсов и информации о них имеет сегодня ключевое значение для успешного развития мирового виноградарства в свете вызовов, возникших в отрасли в связи с распространением болезней винограда и меняющимися климатическими условиями. В обзоре кратко охарактеризован мировой генофонд винограда, описаны подходы к его сохранению, в том числе к базовому и дублетному хранению, состояние и перспективы развития методов сохранения in vitro и в криоколлекциях. Дана оценка генетическому потенциалу диких родичей винограда с акцентом на значение конкретных видов в качестве источников генов устойчивости к факторам биотического и абиотического стрессов. Рассмотрены достижения в применении технологий генетического редактирования для повышения устойчивости винограда к болезням. Отмечено, что в настоящее время в этом направлении применяется преимущественно нокаут генов, обеспечивающих восприимчивость культурного винограда к болезням, тогда как в дальнейшем наибольший потенциал имеет внесение при помощи редактирования направленных изменений в гены культурного винограда на основе знаний о генах устойчивости диких родичей, что требует активного изучения последних при помощи современных методов прямой и обратной генетики. В контексте вопросов сохранения и расширения генетического разнообразия винограда на современном технологическом этапе детально проанализированы состояние и значение коллекции ВИР и гербария ВИР (WIR). Отмечена важность аутентификации образцов винограда и роли, которая отведена в свете решения этих задач гербарию винограда ВИР – уникальному собранию физических носителей эталонной генетической информации об отечественном коллекционном генофонде винограда. Обозначены перспективные направления развития гербария ВИР в связи с созданием и хранением в нем номенклатурных стандартов отечественных сортов.

Improving the standards of collecting and maintaining valuable genetic resources accessions and information about them is currently of crucial importance for the successful development of the world viticulture in the light of the challenges caused by the spread of grape diseases and climate change. This review briefly characterizes the global grapevine gene pool, approaches to its conservation, including base and duplicate conservation techniques, and the current status and prospects of the progress in in vitro and cryogenic preservation methods. The genetic potential of grape wild relatives is assessed focusing on particular species as sources of resistance genes to biotic and abiotic stressors. Achievements in the application of gene editing technologies to increase grape resistance to diseases are discussed. It is noted that a common practice at this stage is to knock out the genes responsible for grapevine susceptibility to diseases, whereas a more advantageous approach in the future will be to make targeted changes in the grape genome based on the knowledge of resistance genes in its wild relatives. Therefore, grape wild relatives need to be studied thoroughly using modern methods of forward and reverse genetics. Regarding the issues of grape genetic diversity conservation and expansion at the current technological stage, the status and significance of the plant germplasm and herbarium (WIR) collections held by VIR are scrutinized in detail. Authentication of grape germplasm accessions is marked as important, along with the role of the WIR herbarium, a unique collection incorporating physical carriers of reference genetic information on the national grapevine gene pool. Promising trends in the development of the WIR herbarium are outlined in connection with the establishment and preservation of nomenclature standards for domestic grape cultivars.

генетические ресурсы растенийVitis L.сохранение ex situ и in vitroкриохранениегенетическая структура коллекциигены устойчивостиplant genetic resourcesVitis L.herbariumex situ and in vitro conservationcryopreservationgenetic structureresistance genesработа выполнена при финансовой поддержке проекта Российского научного фонда № 21-66-00012 «Создание с использованием генетических технологий и изучение новых линий растений, адаптированных к меняющимся условиям окружающей среды, обладающих повышенной продуктивностью и диетической ценностью». Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.this research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation under Project No. 21-66-00012 “The development with genetic technologies and the study of new plant lines adapted to changing environmental conditions, with increased productivity and dietary value”. The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.ReferencesAbdullahi I., Rott M. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.