<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2024-1-64-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-1865</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDYING AND UTILIZATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Устойчивость яблони к стрессам зимнего периода в условиях Краснодарского края</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Winter stress resistance of apple tree under the conditions of Krasnodar Territory</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-1261</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселева</surname><given-names>Г. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>G. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Константиновна Киселева, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, </p><p>350901 Краснодар, ул. 40 лет Победы, 39</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina K. Kiseleva, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, </p><p>39 40 let Pobedy St., Krasnodar 350901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galina-kiseleva-1960@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3987-7363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ульяновская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulyanovskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Владимировна Ульяновская, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, заведующая лабораторией, </p><p>350901 Краснодар, ул. 40 лет Победы, 39</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Ulyanovskaya, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Head of a Laboratory,</p><p>39 40 let Pobedy St., Krasnodar 350901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ulyanovskaya_e@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-1139</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Схаляхо</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skhalyakho</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Вячеславовна Схаляхо, младший научный сотрудник,</p><p>350901 Краснодар, ул. 40 лет Победы, 39</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana V. Skhalyakho, Associate Researcher,</p><p>39 40 let Pobedy St., Krasnodar 350901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tShalyho@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6531-309X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Караваева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karavaeva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алла Витальевна Караваева, младший научный сотрудник,</p><p>350901 Краснодар, ул. 40 лет Победы, 39</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla V. Karavaeva, Associate Researcher, </p><p>39 40 let Pobedy St., Krasnodar 350901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alla.karavaeva.65@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>185</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Киселева Г.К., Ульяновская Е.В., Схаляхо Т.В., Караваева А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Киселева Г.К., Ульяновская Е.В., Схаляхо Т.В., Караваева А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kiseleva G.K., Ulyanovskaya E.V., Skhalyakho T.V., Karavaeva A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1865">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1865</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Физиолого-биохимические исследования устойчивости сортов яблони разного эколого-географического происхождения к зимним стрессам в условиях глобального потепления важны для выявления наиболее адаптивных сортов с целью использования в селекционном процессе. Устойчивость связывается с содержанием углеводов, антоцианов, активностью пероксидазы.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Изучались 2 сорта яблони селекции Северо-Кавказского федерального научного центра садоводства, виноградарства, виноделия (СКФНЦСВВ) и 3 зарубежных сорта зимнего срока созревания по общепринятым физиолого-биохимическим методикам.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Сорта яблони селекции СКФНЦСВВ ‘Орфей’ и ‘Прикубанское’ в сравнении с сортами зарубежной селекции ‘Энтерпрайз’, ‘Флорина’, ‘Лигол’ содержали повышенное содержание общей воды (на 2,5%), крахмала (на 9,5 мг/г), водорастворимых сахаров (на 19,3 мг/г) в побегах в течение зимнего периода. В процессе зимовки у сортов отечественной селекции содержание антоцианов увеличивалось в 2,9–4,3 раза, у остальных сортов – в 2,4–2,8 раза. Закономерностей между уровнем общей активности пероксидазы и зимостойкостью различных сортов яблони не выявлено.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Сорта ‘Орфей’ и ‘Прикубанское’ обладают повышенной адаптивностью к зимним условиям нестабильного климата юга России и рекомендуются для возделывания в Краснодарском крае, а также для использования в селекционном процессе. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Physiological and biochemical research on winter stress resistance of apple-tree cultivars of different ecogeographic origin under global warming is important for identifying the most adaptable genotypes for use in breeding practice. Such resistance is associated with the content of carbohydrates and anthocyanins, and the activity of peroxidase.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Two winter apple-tree cultivars developed at the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine making (NCFSCHVW) and 3 foreign winter cultivars were studied using conventional physiological and biochemical methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The apple-tree cultivars ‘Orfey’ and ‘Prikubanskoye’ bred at the NCFSCHVW, when compared with foreign cvs. ‘Enterprise’, ‘Florina’ and ‘Ligol’, demonstrated higher contents of total water (by 2.5 %), starch (by 9.5 mg/g) and water-soluble sugars (by 19.3 mg/g) in shoots during the winter period. In the process of wintering, the anthocyanin content increased 2.9–4.3 times in the domestic cultivars, and 2.4–2.8 times in foreign ones. No regularities were found between the level of total peroxidase activity and winter hardiness of the studied apple cultivars.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Cvs. ‘Orfey’ and ‘Prikubanskoye’ showed increased adaptability to the winter conditions in the unstable climate of Southern Russia, and can be recommended for cultivation in Krasnodar Territory and use in breeding practice.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Malus domestica</kwd><kwd>зимостойкость</kwd><kwd>углеводы</kwd><kwd>антоцианы</kwd><kwd>пероксидаза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Malus domestica</kwd><kwd>winter hardiness</kwd><kwd>carbohydrates</kwd><kwd>anthocyanins</kwd><kwd>peroxidase</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена в рамках Государственной программы FGRE-2022-0001 Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ. Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the work was done within the framework of the FGRE-2022-0001 State Program of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arora R., Taulavuori K. Increased risk of freeze damage in woody perennials VIS-À-VIS climate change: Importance of deacclimation and dormancy response. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2016;4:44. DOI: 10.3389/ fenvs.2016.00044</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arora R., Taulavuori K. Increased risk of freeze damage in woody perennials VIS-À-VIS climate change: Importance of deacclimation and dormancy response. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2016;4:44. DOI: 10.3389/ fenvs.2016.00044</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Botirov A., Arakawa O. Root growth changes in the winter planting of young ‘Miyabi Fuji’ apple trees. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 2021;8(3):227-233. DOI: 10.22059/ijhst.2021.315746.428</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Botirov A., Arakawa O. Root growth changes in the winter planting of young ‘Miyabi Fuji’ apple trees. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 2021;8(3):227-233. DOI: 10.22059/ijhst.2021.315746.428</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Călugăr A., Cordea M.I., Babeş A., Fejer M. Dynamics of starch reserves in some grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) during dormancy. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture. 2019;76(2):185-192. DOI: 10.15835/buasvmcnhort:2019.0008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Călugăr A., Cordea M.I., Babeş A., Fejer M. Dynamics of starch reserves in some grapevine varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) during dormancy. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture. 2019;76(2):185-192. DOI: 10.15835/buasvmcnhort:2019.0008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dalhaus T., Schlenker W., Blanke M.M., Bravin E., Finger R. The effects of extreme weather on apple quality. Scientific Reports. 2020;10(1):7919. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64806-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dalhaus T., Schlenker W., Blanke M.M., Bravin E., Finger R. The effects of extreme weather on apple quality. Scientific Reports. 2020;10(1):7919. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64806-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Доспехов Б.А. Методика полевого опыта с основами статистической обработки результатов исследований. Москва: Книга по требованию; 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dospekhov B.A. Methodology of field trial with fundamentals of statistical processing of research results (Metodika polevogo opyta s osnovami statisticheskoy obrabotki rezultatov issledovaniy). Moscow: Kniga po trebovaniyu; 2012. [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Методы биохимического исследования растений / под ред. А.И. Ермакова. Ленинград: Агропромиздат; 1987.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">rasteniy). Leningrad: Agropromizdat; 1987. [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernandez E., Cuneo I.F., Luedeling E., Alvarado L., Farias D., Saa S. Starch and hexoses concentrations as physiological markers in dormancy progression of sweet cherry twigs. Trees – Structure and Function. 2019;33(4):1187-1201. DOI: 10.1007/s00468-019-01855-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernandez E., Cuneo I.F., Luedeling E., Alvarado L., Farias D., Saa S. Starch and hexoses concentrations as physiological markers in dormancy progression of sweet cherry twigs. Trees – Structure and Function. 2019;33(4):1187-1201. DOI: 10.1007/s00468-019-01855-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галашева А.М., Красова Н.Г. Водный режим сортов яблони различной зимостойкости. Современное садоводство. 2013;4(8):58-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galasheva A.M., Krasova N.G. Water regime dynamics of apple varieties having different winter hardiness. Contemporary Horticulture. 2013;4(8):58-65. [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козловская З.А. Селекция яблони в Беларуси. Минск: Беларуская навука; 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazlouskaya Z.A. Apple breeding in Belarus (Selektsiya yabloni v Belarusi). Minsk: Belaruskaya Navuka; 2015. [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Киселева Г. К., Ильина И. А., Петров В.С., Запорожец Н.М., Соколова В.В., Вялков В.В. Использование фермента пероксидазы для диагностики устойчивости сортов винограда (Vitis vinifera L.) к низким температурам. Садоводство и виноградарство. 2022;(4):27-33. DOI: 10.31676/0235-2591-2022-4-27-33</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiseleva G.K., Ilyina I.A., Petrov V.S., Zaporozhets N.M., Sokolova V.V., Vyalkov V.V. Use of the peroxidase enzyme to diagnose the resistance of grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) to low temperatures. Horticulture and Viticulture. 2022;(4):27-33. [in Russian]. DOI: 10.31676/0235-2591-2022-4-27-33</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Красова Н.Г., Галашева А.М., Голышкина Л.В., Янчук Т.В. Влияние низких температур на некоторые физиолого-биохимические показатели сортов яблони различной зимостойкости. Вестник аграрной науки. 2012;3(36):86-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasova N.G., Galasheva A.M., Golyshkina L.V., Yanchuk T.V. The effect of low temperatures on some physiological and biochemical parameters in apple-tree cultivars with different winter hardiness (Vliyaniye nizkikh temperatur na nekotorye fiziologo-biokhimicheskiye pokazateli sortov yabloni razlichnoy zimostoykosti). Bulletin of Agrarian Science. 2012;3(36):86-90. [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Красова Н.Г., Галашева А.М., Ожерельева З.Е., Голышкина Л.В., Макаркина М.А. Об устойчивости яблони к неблагоприятным условиям зимнего периода. Сельскохозяйственная биология. 2014;49(1):42-49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasova N.G., Galasheva A.M., Ozherelieva Z.E., Golyshkina L.V., Makarkina M.A. About resistance of apple genotypes to winter unfavorable conditions. Agricultural Biology. 2014;49(1):42-49. [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Красова Н.Г., Ожерельева З.Е., Галашева А.М., Makarkina M.A., Лупин М.В. Оценка адаптивности и качества плодов сортов яблони для интенсивных садов. Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции. 2022;183(4):48-59. DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2022-4-48-59</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasova N.G., Ozherelieva Z.E., Galasheva A.M., Makarkina M.A., Lupin M.V. Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards. Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding. 2022;183(4):48- 59. [in Russian]. DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2022-4-48-59</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leyva A., Quintana A., Sánchez M., Rodríguez E.N., Cremata J., Sánchez J.C. Rapid and sensitive anthrone–sulfuric acid assay in microplate format to quantify carbohydrate in biopharmaceutical products: method development and validation. Biologicals. 2008;36(2):134-141. DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2007.09.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leyva A., Quintana A., Sánchez M., Rodríguez E.N., Cremata J., Sánchez J.C. Rapid and sensitive anthrone–sulfuric acid assay in microplate format to quantify carbohydrate in biopharmaceutical products: method development and validation. Biologicals. 2008;36(2):134-141. DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2007.09.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malagi G., Sachet M.R., Citadin I., Herter F.G., Bonhomme M., Regnard J.L. et al. The comparison of dormancy dynamics in apple trees grown under temperate and mild winter climates imposes a renewal of classical approaches. Trees – Structure and Function. 2015;29(5):1365-1380. DOI: 10.1007/s00468-015-1214-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malagi G., Sachet M.R., Citadin I., Herter F.G., Bonhomme M., Regnard J.L. et al. The comparison of dormancy dynamics in apple trees grown under temperate and mild winter climates imposes a renewal of classical approaches. Trees – Structure and Function. 2015;29(5):1365-1380. DOI: 10.1007/s00468-015-1214-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rachenko M.A., Rachenko A.M. The variation of the content of dehydrin proteins in the bark of Malus spp. trees differing in winter hardiness in Southern Cisbaikalia conditions. Zemdirbyste–Agriculture. 2020;107(2):185-190. DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2020.107.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rachenko M.A., Rachenko A.M. The variation of the content of dehydrin proteins in the bark of Malus spp. trees differing in winter hardiness in Southern Cisbaikalia conditions. Zemdirbyste–Agriculture. 2020;107(2):185-190. DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2020.107.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raza A., Razzaq A., Mehmood S.S., Zou X., Zhang X., Lv Y. et al. Impact of climate change on crops adaptation and strategies to tackle its outcome: A review. Plants. 2019;8(2):34. DOI: 10.3390/plants8020034</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raza A., Razzaq A., Mehmood S.S., Zou X., Zhang X., Lv Y. et al. Impact of climate change on crops adaptation and strategies to tackle its outcome: A review. Plants. 2019;8(2):34. DOI: 10.3390/plants8020034</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmitz J.D., Herter F.G., Regnard J.L., Leit G.B., Bonhomme M., Cochard H. et al. Is acrotonic budburst pattern in spring a typical behavior of the low-chilling apple cultivar ‘Eva’ in mild winter conditions? An approach combining ex planta single-node cutting test and in planta bud water content during dormancy. Scientia Horticulturae. 2015;188:84-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2015.03.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmitz J.D., Herter F.G., Regnard J.L., Leit G.B., Bonhomme M., Cochard H. et al. Is acrotonic budburst pattern in spring a typical behavior of the low-chilling apple cultivar ‘Eva’ in mild winter conditions? An approach combining ex planta single-node cutting test and in planta bud water content during dormancy. Scientia Horticulturae. 2015;188:84-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2015.03.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sivaci A. Seasonal changes of total carbohydrate contents in three varieties of apple (Malus sylvestris Miller) stem cuttings. Scientia Horticulturae. 2006;109(3):234-237. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2006.04.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sivaci A. Seasonal changes of total carbohydrate contents in three varieties of apple (Malus sylvestris Miller) stem cuttings. Scientia Horticulturae. 2006;109(3):234-237. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2006.04.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соловьева М.А. Оценка зимостойкости плодовых культур. В кн.: Диагностика устойчивости растений к стрессовым воздействиям (методическое руководство). Ленинград; 1988. С.163-164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solovyeva M.A. Assessment of winter hardiness in fruit crops (Otsenka zimostoykosti plodovykh kultur). In: Diagnostics of Plant Resistance to Stress (Guidelines) (Diagnostika ustoychivosti rasteniy k stressovym vozdeystviyam [metodicheskoye rukovodstvo]). Leningrad; 1988. p.163-164. [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ульяновская Е.В., Беленко Е.А. Генетические ресурсы рода Malus для создания современных адаптивных сортов яблони. Плодоводство и виноградарство Юга России. 2021;72(6):1-17. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-6-72-1-17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ulyanovskaya E.V., Belenko E.A. Genetic resources of the genus Malus for the creation of modern adaptive apple varieties. Fruit Growing and Viticulture of South Russia. 2021;72(6):1- 17. [in Russian]. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-6-72-1-17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y.X., Hu Y., Chen B.H., Zhu Y.F., Dawuda M.M., Sofkova S. Physiological mechanisms of resistance to cold stress associated with 10 elite apple rootstocks. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2018;17(4):857-866. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61760-X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y.X., Hu Y., Chen B.H., Zhu Y.F., Dawuda M.M., Sofkova S. Physiological mechanisms of resistance to cold stress associated with 10 elite apple rootstocks. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2018;17(4):857-866. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61760-X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
