vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-222-231vir-nw-1744Research ArticleКРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯBRIEF REPORTSМикроклональное размножение элитных технических сортов винограда (Vitis vinifera L.)Microclonal propagation of elite industrial grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3568-9296ФизиковаА. Ю.FizikovaA. Yu.

Анастасия Юрьевна Физикова, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник 

354340, Краснодарский край , Сочи, федеральная территория «Сириус», пгт. Сириус, Олимпийский пр., 1

Anastasia Yu. Fizikova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Researcher 

1 Olimpiysky Ave., Sirius Settlem., Sirius Federal Territory, Sochi, Krasnodar Territory 354340 

Fizikova.AY@talantiuspeh.ruНаучно-технологический университет «Сириус», Научный центр генетики и наук о жизниРоссияSirius University of Science and Technology, Research Center of Genetics and Life SciencesRussian Federation2023110120241844222231Copyright © Физикова А.Ю., 20242024Физикова А.Ю.Fizikova A.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1744Актуальность

Актуальность. Виноград – одна из наиболее экономически значимых культур. Объемы производства винограда в Российской Федерации ежегодно увеличиваются. Такие биологические особенности винограда, как длительный ювенильный период (5–8 лет), высокая степень гетерозиготности генома и часто встречаемое явление инбредной депрессии, когда гомозиготизация при скрещивании приводит к потере жизнеспособности и производственных характеристик сорта, делают вегетативное размножение основой размножения и промышленного выращивания винограда. Микроклональное размножение является основой омоложения и оздоровления современных виноградников. Разработка подходов микроклонального размножения элитных технических сортов винограда является актуальной задачей для современной индустрии виноделия.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Для работы были использованы технические сорта винограда ‘Мальбек’, ‘Мерло’, ‘Шардоне’ и ‘Рислинг’ полевой коллекции Всероссийского национального научно-исследовательского института виноградарства и виноделия «Магарач».

Результаты

Результаты. В данной работе удалось подобрать универсальный, одноэтапный протокол для микроклонального размножения элитных технических сортов винограда, позволяющий получить растения, готовые к пересаживанию в грунт (ex vitro) через 1-2 месяца после черенкования.

Заключение

Заключение. Использование разработанного в данной работе протокола микроклонального размножения технических сортов винограда уменьшит трудозатраты и сократит время для получения растения, готового к адаптации к открытому грунту, в 2-3 раза.

Background

Background. The grape is one of the most economically significant berry crops: its cultivation area covers over 6.7 million hectares. Due to certain biological characteristics of grapes, such as a long juvenile period (5–8 years), a high degree of genomic heterozygosity, and the frequently encountered phenomenon of inbred depression, when homozygotization during hybridization leads to a loss of viability and production characteristics of the cultivar, vegetative propagation becomes the basis for grape reproduction and industrial cultivation. Microclonal propagation is the foundation for rejuvenation and revitalization of modern vineyards. Developing approaches for microclonal propagation of elite industrial grape cultivars remains a relevant task for the modern wine industry.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The industrial grape cultivars ‘Malbec’, ‘Merlot’, ‘Chardonnay’, and ‘Riesling’ from the field collection of the All-Russian National Research institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach” were used for the work.

Results

Results. This research succeeded in devising a universal, one-stage protocol for the microclonal propagation of elite industrial grape cultivars, such as ‘Merlot’, ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Malbec’, and ‘Riesling’, making the production of plants ready for adaptation into the soil (ex vitro) within 1 months after rooting.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The use of the microclonal propagation protocol developed in this study for industrial grape cultivars will reduce labor costs and shorten the time required to obtain a plant ready for adaptation to open ground two to three times.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.