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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-190-204</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-1741</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИММУНИТЕТ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IMMUNITY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разнообразие дагестанской популяции возбудителя желтой ржавчины пшеницы по вирулентности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Virulence diversity of the yellow rust pathogen population in Dagestan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-0307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гультяева</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gultyaeva</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Ивановна Гультяева, доктор биологических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>196608, Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, ш. Подбельского, 3</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena I. Gultyaeva, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher </p><p>3 Podbelskogo Hwy., Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eigultyaeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3266-6272</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шайдаюк</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaydayuk</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Львовна Шайдаюк, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник </p><p>196608, Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, ш. Подбельского, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina L. Shaydayuk, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Researcher </p><p>3 Podbelskogo Hwy., Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eshaydayuk@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3119-3453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>Р. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>R. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Регина Евгеньевна Смирнова, бакалавр, лаборант-исследователь</p><p>196608, Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, ш. Подбельского, 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Regina E. Smirnova, Bachelor </p><p>3 Podbelskogo Hwy., Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">regina.smirnovaa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-1291</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Aбдуллаев</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullaev</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кадыр Магомедгаджиевич Aбдуллаев, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник </p><p>368612, Республика Дагестан, Дербентский район, село Вавилово </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kadyr M. Abdullaev, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher </p><p>Vavilovo Village, Derbent District, Republic of Dagestan 368612 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abdullaev.km1950@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8232-6183</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куркиев</surname><given-names>К. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurkiev</surname><given-names>K. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Киштили Уллубиевич Куркиев, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, директор </p><p>368612, Республика Дагестан, Дербентский район, село Вавилово </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kishtili U. Kurkiev, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Director </p><p>Vavilovo Village, Derbent District, Republic of Dagestan 368612</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kkish@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений ; Ленинградский государственный университет им. А.С. Пушкина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова, Дагестанская опытная станция – филиал ВИР</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Dagestan Experimental Station of VIR</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>184</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>190</fpage><lpage>204</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гультяева Е.И., Шайдаюк Е.Л., Смирнова Р.Е., Aбдуллаев K.M., Куркиев К.У., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гультяева Е.И., Шайдаюк Е.Л., Смирнова Р.Е., Aбдуллаев K.M., Куркиев К.У.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gultyaeva E.I., Shaydayuk E.L., Smirnova R.E., Abdullaev K.M., Kurkiev K.U.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1741">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1741</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. В последние годы в Дагестане на образцах Triticum L. наблюдается высокое развитие желтой ржавчины, что позволяет отобрать высокоустойчивые генотипы. Информация об эффективности Yr-генов, вирулентности и расовом составе патогена необходима для корректной интерпретации результатов полевых оценок. Цель работы – охарактеризовать вирулентность дагестанской популяции Puccinia striiformis West. в фазе проростков; оценить устойчивость линий и сортов-дифференциаторов к желтой ржавчине в полевых условиях; провести идентификацию инвазивных рас PstS1 и PstS2.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Листья с урединиопустулами собраны с образцов мягкой пшеницы на Дагестанской опытной станции ВИР в 2020–2022 гг. Анализ вирулентности проводили в лабораторных условиях с использованием 14 AvYrлиний (Avocet NIL) и 15 сортов-дифференциаторов. Возрастную устойчивость тестеров вирулентности оценили в полевых условиях на высоком естественном инфекционном фоне. Набор SCAR-маркеров (SCP19M24a1, SCP19M24a2, SCP19M26a1, SCP19M26a2) применили для идентификации инвазивных рас.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Устойчивость ко всем изолятам показали линии Av: Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24, Yr26 и сорт ‘Moro’ (Yr10, YrMor). Вирулентностью к Yr17 обладали изоляты с сортов ‘Граф’ и ‘Сварог’, несущих этот ген, и c сорта ‘Siete Cerros’. Дагестанская коллекция изолятов P. striiformis характеризовалась высоким генетическим разнообразием. Общие фенотипы отмечены на сорте ‘Граф’ в 2021 и 2020 г. Линии с генами Yr5, Yr8, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24 и сорта ‘Moro’, ‘Compair’, ‘Carstens’, ‘Spaldings Prolific’ характеризовались резистентностью к желтой ржавчине в полевых условиях во все годы исследований . Сорта ‘Reichersberg 42’, ‘Heines Peko Vilmorin 23’ были устойчивы в 2020 и 2022 г. и умеренно поражены (до 10%) в 2021 г. При молекулярном анализе выделено три изолята, относящихся к инвазивной группе PstS2. В 2021 г. эти изоляты обнаружены на сорте ‘Siete Cerros’ и линии Л 650, в 2022 г. – на сорте ‘Васса’.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Yellow rust incidence on Triticum L. has been observed to surge up in Dagestan in recent years, facilitating selection of highly resistant genotypes. Information on the effectiveness of Yr genes and the pathogen’s virulence and racial composition is needed to interpret field assessment data correctly. The objective of this study was to describe the virulence of the Dagestan population of Puccinia striiformis West. at the seedling stage, evaluate the resistance of differentiators to yellow rust in the field, and identify invasive PstS1 and PstS2 races.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Leaves with urediniopustules were collected from bread wheat accessions at Dagestan Experiment Station of VIR (DЕS VIR) in 2020–2022. Virulence was analyzed in the laboratory using 14 AvYr lines (Avocet NIL) and 15 differential wheat cultivars. Age-specific resistance of virulence testers under high natural infection pressure was studied in the field of DES VIR. A set of SCAR markers (SCP19M24a1, SCP19M24a2, SCP19M26a1, and SCP19M26a2) were used to identify invasive races.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Avocet lines with Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24, and Yr26, and cv. ‘Moro’ (Yr10, YrMor) manifested resistance to all isolates. Virulence to Yr17 was detected only in the isolates from cvs. ‘Graf’ and ‘Svarog’ carrying this gene, and ‘Siete Ceros’. The Dagestan collection demonstrated high genetic diversity. Common phenotypes were identified on cv. ‘Graf’ in 2021 and 2020. There was no temporal differentiation between pathogen collections in the years of testing. High field resistance to yellow rust was recorded in lines with Yr5, Yr8, Yr10, Yr15 and Yr24, and in cvs. ‘Moro’, ‘Compair’, ‘Carstens’ and ‘Spaldings Prolific’. Cvs. ‘Reichersberg 42’ and ‘Heines Peko Vilmorin 23’ were resistant in 2020 and 2022, and moderately affected (up to 10%) in 2021. Molecular analysis identified all three isolates belonging to the invasive PstS2 group on cv. ‘Siete Cerros’ and L 650 in 2021, and cv. ‘Vassa’ in 2022.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Triticum aestivum</kwd><kwd>Puccinia striiformis</kwd><kwd>Yr-гены</kwd><kwd>популяция</kwd><kwd>устойчивость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Triticum aestivum</kwd><kwd>Puccinia striiformis</kwd><kwd>Yr genes</kwd><kwd>population</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Все фитопатологические и молекулярно-генетические исследования патогена выполнены при поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект № 23-26-00042. Урединиообразцы  &lt;i&gt;P. striiformis&lt;/i&gt;  были собраны с образцов пшеницы, изучаемых в Дербенте в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ВИР по проекту FGEM-2022-0009 «Структурирование и раскрытие потенциала наследственной изменчивости мировой коллекции зерновых и крупяных культур ВИР для развития оптимизированного генбанка и рационального использования в селекции и растениеводстве».  Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">All phytopathological and molecular genetics studies of the pathogen were supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 23-26-00042. Samples of  &lt;i&gt;P. striiformis&lt;/i&gt;  urediniospores were collected from wheat accessions studied in Derbent within the framework of the state task assigned to VIR, Project No. FGEM-2022-0009 “Structuring and disclosing the potential of hereditary variation in the global collection of cereal and groat crops at VIR for the development of an optimized genebank and its sustainable utilization in plant breeding and crop production”.  The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouvet L., Holdgate S., James L., Thomas J., Mackay I.J., Cockram J. The evolving battle between yellow rust and wheat: implications for global food security. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 2022;135(3):741-753. 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