vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2023-4-103-115vir-nw-1733Research ArticleКОЛЛЕКЦИИ МИРОВЫХ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРИОРИТЕТНЫХ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИCOLLECTIONS OF THE WORLD’S CROP GENETIC RESOURCES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIORITY PLANT BREEDING TRENDSСтародавние сорта пшеницы – источники высокого качества и питательных свойств зернаWheat landraces as sources of high grain quality and nutritional propertieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4767-9957ШаманинВ. П.ShamaninV. P.

Владимир Петрович Шаманин, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор

644008, Омск, Институтская пл., 1

Vladimir P. Shamanin, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Professor

1 Institutskaya Sq., Omsk 644008

vp.shamanin@omgau.orghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3574-2875ПотоцкаяИ. В.PototskayaI. V.

Инна Владимировна Потоцкая, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор

644008, Омск, Институтская пл., 1

Inna V. Pototskaya, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Professor

1 Institutskaya Sq., Omsk 644008

iv.pototskaya@omgau.orghttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9880-5904ЕссеС. А.EsseS. A.

Светлана Алексеевна Ессе, аспирант

644008, Омск, Институтская пл., 1

Svetlana A. Esse, Postgraduate Student

1 Institutskaya Sq., Omsk 644008

sa.malyavko@omgau.orghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9473-865XГладкихМ. С.GladkihM. S.

Марина Сергеевна Гладких, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, агроном

644008, Омск, Институтская пл., 1

Marina S. Gladkih, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Аgronomist

1 Institutskaya Sq., Omsk 644008

ms.gavrilova@omgau.orghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-8725ШепелевС. С.ShepelevS. S.

Сергей Сергеевич Шепелев, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, заведующий лабораторией

644008, Омск, Институтская пл., 1

Sergey S. Shepelev, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Head of a Laboratory,

1 Institutskaya Sq., Omsk 644008

sergeyschepelew@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9259-4384ЗуевЕ. В.ZuevE. V.

Евгений Валерьевич Зуев, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, и. о. заведующего отделом

190000, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44

Evgeny V. Zuev, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher, Acting Head of a Department

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000

e.zuev@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7610-8654ВиниченкоН. А.VinichenkoN. A.

Наталья Александровна Виниченко, инженер

630090, Новосибирск, пр. Академика Лаврентьева, 10

Natalia A. Vinichenko, Engineer

10 Akademika Lavrentyeva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090

vinia@ngs.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-2413КоксельХ.KokselH.

Хамит Коксель, профессор

34010, Стамбул, Эдирне Чырпичи Йолу, 9

Hamit Koksel, Рrofessor

9 Edirne Çírpící Yolu, Istanbul 34010

hamitkoksel@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7082-5655МоргуновA. И.MorgounovA. I.

Алексей Иванович Моргунов, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

010011, Астана, пр. Женис, 62

Alexey I. Morgounov, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher

62 Zhenis Ave., Astana 010011

alexey.morgounov@gmail.comОмский государственный аграрный университет имени П.А. СтолыпинаРоссияOmsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. StolypinRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, Курчатовский геномный центрРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Genomic CenterRussian FederationУниверситет ИстиньеТурцияIstinye UniversityTurkeyКазахский агротехнический исследовательский университет имени С. CейфуллинаКазахстанS. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical Research UniversityKazakhstan2023100120241844103115Copyright © Шаманин В.П., Потоцкая И.В., Ессе С.А., Гладких М.С., Шепелев С.С., Зуев Е.В., Виниченко Н.А., Коксель Х., Моргунов A.И., 20242024Шаманин В.П., Потоцкая И.В., Ессе С.А., Гладких М.С., Шепелев С.С., Зуев Е.В., Виниченко Н.А., Коксель Х., Моргунов A.И.Shamanin V.P., Pototskaya I.V., Esse S.A., Gladkih M.S., Shepelev S.S., Zuev E.V., Vinichenko N.A., Koksel H., Morgounov A.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1733Актуальность

Актуальность. Повышение качества зерна у современных сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы – весьма актуальная задача селекции, для решения которой значительный интерес представляют стародавние сорта пшеницы (landraces), богатая коллекция которых имеется в ВИР. В связи с этим цель исследования – выделить источники повышенного содержания белка, клейковины, макро- и микроэлементов из выборки образцов стародавней яровой мягкой пшеницы коллекции ВИР для селекции на повышение качества зерна.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Полевые исследования выполнены в 2020–2021 гг. на опытном поле Омского ГАУ в условиях южной лесостепи Западной Сибири. Посев проводили по пару в общепринятые сроки сева. Анализ минерального состава зерна образцов стародавних сортов осуществлен в Курчатовском геномном центре ИЦиГ СО РАН методом атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии.

Результаты

Результаты. Показано, что образцы, представляющие стародавние сорта разных регионов России, а также Казахстана, Таджикистана и Киргизии, характеризовались высоким содержанием белка (18,4–18,8%) и клейковины (35,9–36,0%) в зерне. Образцы из Казахстана отличались низким уровнем содержания Zn (в среднем 38,3 мг/кг), из Киргизии, напротив, повышенным содержанием Zn (41,9 мг/кг) и Fe (55,1 мг/кг), а из Таджикистана – высоким уровнем К (3820 мг/кг). У образцов стародавней пшеницы выявлена положительная связь между содержанием в зерне Mg, Mn, Fe и Zn.

Заключение

Заключение. Образцы стародавней пшеницы представляют интерес в качестве источников для создания высокобелковых сортов с улучшенной питательной ценностью зерна.

Background

Background. Improving the grain quality of modern spring bread wheat cultivars is a highly relevant task of breeding. To solve this problem, old and local wheat varieties (landraces) are of considerable interest. A rich collection of them is available among the plant genetic resources preserved at VIR. With this in view, the aim of this research was to identify sources of high protein, gluten, macro- and micronutrient content out of the landraces from the VIR collection for improvement of wheat grain quality through breeding.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Field and laboratory research were conducted in the experimental field of Omsk State Agrarian University under the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia in 2020–2021. Sowing was carried out on fallow on conventional sowing dates. Mineral composition in the grain of the studied landraces was analyzed at the Kurchatov Genomic Center, Novosibirsk, using atomic absorption spectrometry techniques.

Results

Results. The research results showed that landraces from different regions of Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan were characterized by high levels of protein (18.4–18.8%) and gluten (35.9–36.0%) in grain. Landraces from Kazakhstan had low Zn content (on average 38.3 mg/kg), while those from Kyrgyzstan, on the contrary, had high content of Zn (41.9 mg/kg) and Fe (55.1 mg/kg), and landraces from Tajikistan had high K content (3820 mg/kg). A positive relationship between the concentrations of Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn was found in the grain of wheat landraces.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Wheat landraces are of interest as genetic resources for the development of high-protein cultivars with improved nutritional value of grain for the milling and breadmaking industries.

яровая мягкая пшеницастародавние сортамакро- и микроэлементный состав зернатехнологические свойства зернаspring bread wheatlandracesmacro- and micronutrient composition of graintechnological properties of grainАнализ содержания макро- и микроэлементов в зерне стародавних сортов пшеницы выполнен при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ (соглашение № 075-15-2021-534 от 28.05.2021); анализ и статистическая обработка экспериментальных данных проведены при поддержке Российского научного фонда (соглашение № 22-16-20008 от 23.03.2022). 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.