vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-221-232vir-nw-1669Research ArticleОБЗОРЫSURVEYSГенетическое разнообразие мягкой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.) по аллельному составу HMW-GS (обзор)Genetic diversity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the allelic composition of HMW-GS (a review)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8799-0681ЧебатареваМ. В.ChebatarevaM. V.

Мария Васильевна Чебатарева, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник, Федеральный Алтайский научный центр агробиотехнологий, Алтайский государственный университет

656910, Барнаул, Научный городок, 35,

656049 Барнаул, пр. Ленина, 61

Maria V. Chebatareva, Postgraduate Student, Associate Researcher, Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agro-Biotechnologies, Altai State University

35 Nauchny Gorodok, Barnaul 656910,

61 Lenina Ave., Barnaul 656049

masha.vorotintseva@yandex.ruФедеральный Алтайский научный центр агробиотехнологий; Алтайский государственный университетРоссияFederal Altai Scientific Center of Agro-Biotechnologies; Altai State UniversityRussian Federation2023231020231843221232Copyright © Чебатарева М.В., 20232023Чебатарева М.В.Chebatareva M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1669Актуальность

Актуальность. В зависимости от сорта, почвенно-климатических и агротехнических условий возделывания, качественный состав зерна пшеницы различается. Аллельный состав глютенинов сортов мягкой пшеницы – важный параметр при анализе и управлении генетической структурой. В связи с этим возникает интерес к изучению генетического разнообразия аллелей высокомолекулярных субъединиц глютенина (HMW-GS) у сортов мягкой пшеницы из Европы, Азии, Африки и Америки.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Общее разнообразие аллелей в глютениновых локусах Glu-1 оценивалось согласно расчету индекса Нея (Н). На основе этого показателя и использования кластерного анализа осуществлялось распределение сортов пшеницы разного эколого-географического происхождения в относительно однородные группы.

Результаты

Результаты. У сортов пшеницы из Польши, Германии, Франции, Испании, Португалии, Турции, Ирана, Пакистана, Индии, Китая и Алжира (I группа) индекс Нея в среднем составил 0,59, а у сортов из США, Мексики, Аргентины, России, Казахстана, Эфиопии, Чехии, Венгрии, Болгарии, Афганистана и Северной Кореи – 0,42 (II группа). Выделенные группы сортов пшеницы отличились по частоте встречаемости субъединиц глютенина по каждому локусу Glu-1: I группа – N, 7+9, 2+12; II группа – 2*, 7+9, 5+10.

Заключение

Заключение. Сорта пшеницы из II группы в среднем имели низкий уровень изменчивости аллельных генов в соответствующих локусах. Это говорит о высоком качестве зерна у этих сортов и наибольшей вероятности их генетического обеднения в сравнении с сортами из I группы, где большая часть сортов описана комбинацией низкокачественных субъединиц глютенина.

 

 

Background

Background. The qualitative composition of wheat grain varies depending on the cultivar, soil and climate conditions, and agricultural practices. The allelic composition of glutenins in bread wheat cultivars is an important parameter for the analysis and management of their genetic structure. In this respect, there is an interest in studying the genetic diversity of alleles of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in bread wheat cultivars from Europe, Asia, Africa, and America.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The total diversity of alleles in Glu-1 glutenin loci was evaluated according to the calculation of the Nei index (H). Using this indicator and the cluster analysis, wheat cultivars of various ecogeographic origin were distributed into relatively homogeneous groups.

Results

Results. Wheat cultivars from Poland, Germany, France, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, India, China, and Algeria (Group I) had the average Nei index of 0.59, and those from the U.S., Mexico, Argentina, Russia, Kazakhstan, Ethiopia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Bulgaria, Afghanistan, and North Korea (Group II) had 0.42. These groups of wheat cultivars differed in the frequency of occurrence of glutenin subunits at each Glu-1 locus: N, 7+9, 2+12 in Group I, and 2*, 7+9, 5+10 in Group II.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Wheat cultivars from Group II had on average a low level of variability of allelic genes in the respective loci, manifesting high grain quality of these cultivars and the highest probability of their genetic depletion compared to the cultivars from Group I, where most of the cultivars are described by a combination of low-quality glutenin subunits.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.