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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2023-3-41-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-1650</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDYING AND UTILIZATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение эффекта гетерозиса и прогноз перспективности гибридных популяций яровой пшеницы в селекции на продуктивность и засухоустойчивость</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Studying the effect of heterosis and predicting the prospects of hybrid spring wheat populations in breeding for productivity and drought resistance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0837-8425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Владиславовна Волкова, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией</p><p>610007 Киров, ул. Ленина, 166а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila V. Volkova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Head of a Laboratory</p><p>166a Lenina St., Kirov 610007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volkovkirov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-840X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амунова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amunova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Оксана Сергеевна Амунова, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>610007 Киров, ул. Ленина, 166а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana S. Amunova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Researcher</p><p>166a Lenina St., Kirov 610007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">priemnaya@fanc-sv.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока им. Н.В. Рудницкого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Agricultural Research Centre of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>184</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Волкова Л.В., Амунова О.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Волкова Л.В., Амунова О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Volkova L.V., Amunova O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1650">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1650</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. В комбинационной селекции большой практический интерес представляет информация об уровне гетерозиса у гибридов яровой пшеницы по признакам продуктивности и устойчивости к засухе, а также возможность сохранения высоких значений признаков в более поздних поколениях.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В Федеральном аграрном научном центре Северо-Востока им. Н.В. Рудницкого (ФАНЦ Северо-Востока, г. Киров) изучено 16 гибридных популяций F1…F4 и восемь родительских сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы по признакам продуктивности (полевой опыт) и засухоустойчивости (лабораторный опыт). Тип наследования признаков определен с помощью показателя «степень фенотипического доминирования» (hp). Статистическая обработка результатов проведена с помощью корреляционного и дисперсионного анализов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Гибриды, проявившие гетерозис в F1 по числу зерен с колоса, числу зародышевых корней в стрессовых условиях и сухой массе проростков, имели преимущество по этим показателям в поколениях F3…F4. Тип наследования массы 1000 зерен не определял уровень признака у гибридов старших генераций. Значимая отрицательная корреляция между числом зародышевых корней, сформированных при засухе, и урожаем зерна свидетельствует о трудности сочетания устойчивости и продуктивности в одном генотипе. Масса проростка в стрессовых условиях была положительно связана с полевой продуктивностью гибридов. Выделено семь перспективных комбинаций, сочетающих продуктивность и засухоустойчивость, большинство из которых проявили гетерозис одновременно по пяти признакам.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Анализ гибридов ранних поколений по степени фенотипического доминирования количества зерен в колосе, числа зародышевых корней и сухой массе проростка может быть достаточно информативным для использования в селекционных программах.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. In combination breeding, information about the degree of superiority of hybrids in productivity and drought resistance over their parents in early generations, as well as the possibility of preserving their advantages in subsequent generations, are of great practical interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. In 2018–2021, 16 hybrid populations of spring bread wheat of the 1st through 4th generations, obtained from intraspecific crosses among parent cultivars, were studied at the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the NorthEast. The hybrids and their parents were tested in the field for productivity and in the laboratory for drought resistance. Inheritance types were determined by the degree of phenotypic dominance of plant characters. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using correlation and variance analyses.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Hybrids that demonstrated heterosis in the number of grains per ear had an advantage on this basis in subsequent generations. The inheritance type of the 1000 grain weight did not determine the level of this character in older generation hybrids. There was a change in the type of inheritance for the number of radicles during the transition from normal to stressful conditions. Hybrids that showed heterosis in seedling weight in the control and the experiment were distinguished by higher rates in subsequent generations. A significant negative correlation was found between grain yield and the number of radicles formed with a lack of moisture, and a positive correlation between grain yield and the weight of seedlings. Seven promising hybrid combinations fusing productivity with drought resistance were identified.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The analysis of hybrids from early generations according to the degree of phenotypic dominance of the number of grains per ear and number of radicles in the experiment, and the weight of seedlings in the control and the experiment can be quite informative for use in breeding programs.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гибридная комбинация</kwd><kwd>степень доминирования</kwd><kwd>число зерен с колоса</kwd><kwd>масса 1000 зерен</kwd><kwd>число зародышевых корней</kwd><kwd>масса проростка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hybrid combination</kwd><kwd>degree of dominance</kwd><kwd>number of grains per ear</kwd><kwd>1000 grain weight</kwd><kwd>number of radicles</kwd><kwd>seedling weight</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в рамках государственного задания Федерального аграрного научного центра Северо-Востока имени Н. В. Рудницкого (тема № 2025-0007). Авторы выражают благодарность сотрудникам отдела эдафической устойчивости растений ФАНЦ Северо-Востока за содействие в проведении лабораторного изучения засухоустойчивости генотипов яровой мягкой пшеницы. Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the state task assigned to the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky (theme No. 2025-0007). The authors express their gratitude to the staff of the Department of Edaphic Plant Resistance for their assistance in conducting the laboratory study of drought resistance in spring bread wheat genotypes. 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