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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2023-2-19-28</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-1576</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDYING AND UTILIZATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Каллусообразование и органогенез мягкой пшеницы с использованием зрелых зародышей в качестве эксплантов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bread wheat callusogenesis and organogenesis using mature embryos as explants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2789-174X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гумерова</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gumerova</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гульнар Рафиловна Гумерова, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>450054 Россия, Уфа, пр. Октября, 71</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulnar R. Gumerova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Researcher</p><p>71 Oktyabrya Ave., Ufa 450054, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gulnar.yas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7068-3359</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галимова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galimova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айзиля Айтугановна Галимова, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник, УФИЦ РАН, ИБГ УФИЦ РАН; ВИР</p><p>450054 Россия, Уфа, пр. Октября, 71;</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ayzilya A. Galimova, Cand. Sci., (Biology), Researcher, UFRC RAS,  IBG UFRC RAS; VIR</p><p>71 Oktyabrya Ave., Ufa 450054, Russia;</p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aiz.galimova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1564-164X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулуев</surname><given-names>Б. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuluev</surname><given-names>B. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Булат Разяпович Кулуев, доктор биологических наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией, УФИЦ РАН, ИБГ УФИЦ РАН; ведущий научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>450054 Россия, Уфа, пр. Октября, 71;</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bulat R. Kuluev, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Leading Researcher, Head of a Laboratory, UFRC RAS,  IBG UFRC RAS; Leading Researcher VIR</p><p>71 Oktyabrya Ave., Ufa 450054, Russia;</p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuluev@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук, Институт биохимии и генетики  – обособленное структурное подразделение УФИЦ РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук, Институт биохимии и генетики – обособленное структурное подразделение УФИЦ РАН; Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics; N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>184</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гумерова Г.Р., Галимова А.А., Кулуев Б.Р., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гумерова Г.Р., Галимова А.А., Кулуев Б.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gumerova G.R., Galimova A.A., Kuluev B.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1576">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1576</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Актуальность</title><p>   Актуальность. Мягкая пшеница (Triticum aestivum L.) как одна из главных хлебных культур вызывает большой интерес у селекционеров и других исследователей и требует постоянного контроля существующих сортов, а также создания новых с помощью классических методов селекции и современных методов генной инженерии, ключевым этапом в которых является успешный каллусогенез и органогенез у целевых объектов. В связи с этим в данном исследовании была проведена оценка регенерационного потенциала двух яровых (‘Саратовская 55’ и ‘Сигма’) и трех озимых (‘Таня’, ‘Фишт’ и ‘Память’) сортов мягкой пшеницы, а также подбор оптимальных условий для индукции каллуса и органогенеза с использованием зрелых зародышей.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. В работе были использованы незрелые и зрелые зародыши мягкой пшеницы сортов ‘Таня’, ‘Фишт’, ‘Память’, ‘Сигма’ и ‘Саратовская 55’. Морфогенетический потенциал in vitro оценивали при действии абиотических факторов (предварительная холодовая обработка зерновок) и экзогенных гормонов (2,4-Д в различных концентрациях).</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты и выводы</title><p>   Результаты и выводы. Проведенный анализ позволил выделить сорта мягкой пшеницы ‘Фишт’ и ‘Сигма’, обладающие высоким морфогенетическим и регенерационным потенциалом. Также было показано, что холодовое воздействие может являться хорошим стимулирующим фактором для получения большого количества каллуса, а в случаях, когда задачей эксперимента является получение регенерантов, лучше отказаться от такой обработки в пользу классических методов индукции каллуса в нормальных условиях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Background</title><p>   Background. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the staple cereal crops, so it is of great interest to breeders and researchers and requires constant monitoring of existing cultivars, including the development of new ones through classical breeding and modern gene engineering. The key stage in these techniques is successful callusogenesis and organogenesis in target objects. With this in view, the regeneration potential of two spring (‘Saratovskaya 55’ and ‘Sigma’) and three winter (‘Tanya’, ‘Fisht’ and ‘Pamyat’) cultivars of bread wheat was assessed, and optimal conditions were identified for callus induction and organogenesis using mature embryos.</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and methods</title><p>   Materials and methods. Immature and mature embryos of the five bread wheat cultivars were used in the study. The in vitro morphogenetic potential was evaluated under the impact of abiotic factors: preliminary exposure of grains to cold and use of exogenous hormones (2,4-D in various concentrations). Pretreatment of wheat with cold was carried out as follows: sterilized grains were incubated on the hormonal medium at a temperature of 4 °C for 2 weeks, and then transferred to 26 °C for 4 more weeks. The efficiency of callusogenesis and rhizogenesis was assessed and the numbers of morphogenetic calluses, regenerated and acclimatized plants were calculated.</p><p>   Results and conclusions. The analysis made it possible to identify the bread wheat cultivars ‘Fisht’ and ‘Sigma’ for their high morphogenetic and regenerative potential. It was also shown that exposure to cold can serve as a good stimulating factor for producing a large number of calluses, but regenerants are better induced under normal conditions. The results also depended on the concentration of hormones applied. Universal conditions for morphogenesis and regeneration were not identified.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>яровая пшеница</kwd><kwd>озимая пшеница</kwd><kwd>каллусогенез</kwd><kwd>регенерация</kwd><kwd>предварительная холодовая обработка</kwd><kwd>2</kwd><kwd>4-Д</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spring wheat</kwd><kwd>winter wheat</kwd><kwd>callusogenesis</kwd><kwd>regeneration</kwd><kwd>cold pretreatment</kwd><kwd>2</kwd><kwd>4-D</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа Г. Р. Гумеровой выполнена в рамках государственного задания № 122030200143-8. Исследование А. А. Галимовой и Б. Р. Кулуева поддержано грантом Минобрнауки РФ (соглашение № 075-15-2021-1066 от 28 сентября 2021 г.). Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study of G.R. Gumerova was carried out within the framework of State Task No. 122030200143-8. The study of A.A. Galimova and B.R. Kuluev was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 075-15-2021-1066 of September 28, 2021). The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adero M.O., Syombua E.D., Asanda L.K., Amugune N.O., Mulanda E.S., Macharia G. Somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of Kenyan wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes from mature embryo explants. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2019;18(27):689-694. URL: https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJB/article-stat/810258C61566</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adero M.O., Syombua E.D., Asanda L.K., Amugune N.O., Mulanda E.S., Macharia G. 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