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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2022-4-229-238</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-1405</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИММУНИТЕТ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IMMUNITY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сорта озимой ржи, умеренно устойчивые к спорынье</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Winter rye cultivars moderately resistant to ergot</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3589-5524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щеклеина</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchekleina</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник, </p><p>610007 Киров, ул. Ленина, 166а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher, </p><p>166a Lenina St., Kirov 610007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">immunitet@fanc-sv.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-4949</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шешегова</surname><given-names>Т. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheshegova</surname><given-names>T. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая лабораторией, </p><p>610007 Киров, ул. Ленина, 166а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Head of a Laboratory, </p><p>166a Lenina St., Kirov 610007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sheshegova.tatyana@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный аграрный научный центр Северо-Востока им. Н. В. Рудницкого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named N.V. Rudnitsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>183</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>229</fpage><lpage>238</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щеклеина Л.М., Шешегова Т.К., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щеклеина Л.М., Шешегова Т.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shchekleina L.M., Sheshegova T.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1405">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1405</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Спорынья зерновых культур (возбудитель гриб Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.) – прогрессирующее заболевание озимой ржи. Устойчивые к болезни сорта ржи отсутствуют, а селекционные методы защиты в РФ не разработаны.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Материалом для исследований послужили 97 сортов озимой ржи. Проведен биохимический анализ склероциев гриба, изучен состав и содержание эргоалкалоидов (ЭА) в склероциях C. purpurea из Кировской популяции, исследована связь между биометрией склероциев и содержанием ЭА, токсичностью и патогенностью C. purpurea. Применяли общеизвестные методы оценки устойчивости и анализа ЭА.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и выводы</title><p>Результаты и выводы. Выделено 14 наименее поражаемых патогеном сортов: ‘Флора’, ‘Кипрез’, ‘Графиня’, ‘Лика’, ‘Батист’, ‘Симфония’, ‘Гармония’, ‘Садко’, ‘Паром’, ‘Вираж’, ‘Саратовская 7’, ‘Волхова’, ‘Новая Эра’, ‘Подарок’, которые могут быть использованы в селекции на устойчивость к спорынье. В склероциях C. purpurea идентифицированы три вида ЭА: эргокристин, эрготамин и его стереоизомер эргокристинин. Сорта ‘Лика’, ‘Симфония’ и ‘Гармония’ наименее поражаемы спорыньей, а формирующиеся на растениях этих сортов склероции не накапливают ЭА. Установлена достоверная (r = 0,50–0,60) зависимость между поражением и биометрическими показателями склероциев C. purpurea; между засоренностью зерна склероциями и их биометрией (r = 0,63–0,78). Выявлена слабая положительная связь (r = 0,22) между токсичностью и патогенностью C. purpurea. Обнаружена отрицательная связь между массой склероциев и накоплением в них ЭА (r = –0,46), что указывает на биологическую опасность мелких склероциев, попавших в семенные и продовольственные партии зерна. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Cereal ergot caused by the fungus Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. is a progressive disease of winter rye. There are no rye cultivars resistant to the disease, and breeding methods of protection have not been developed in Russia.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The material for the research included 97 winter rye cultivars. A biochemical analysis of the sclerotia of the fungus was carried out, the composition and content of ergot alkaloids (EA) in the sclerotia of C. purpurea from the Kirov population were studied, and the relationship between the biometry of sclerotia and the EA content, toxicity and pathogenicity of C. purpurea was analyzed. Well-known methods of resistance assessment and EA analysis were applied.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and conclusions</title><p>Results and conclusions. Fourteen cultivars least affected by the pathogen were identified: ‘Flora’, ‘Kiprez’, ‘Grafinya’, ‘Lika’, ‘Batist’, ‘Simfoniya’, ‘Garmoniya’, ‘Sadko’, ‘Parom’, ‘Virazh’, ‘Saratovskaya 7’, ‘Volkhova’, ‘Novaya Era’, and ‘Podarok’. They can be used in breeding for ergot resistance. Three types of EA were identified in C. purpurea sclerotia: ergocristine, ergotamine, and its stereoisomer ergocristinine. Cvs. ‘Lika’, ‘Simfoniya’ and ‘Garmoniya’ were the least affected by ergot, and the sclerotia formed on the plants of these cultivars did not accumulate EA. A significant (r = 0.50–0.60) correlation was found between lesions and biometric parameters of C. purpurea sclerotia, and between grain contamination with sclerotia and their biometrics (r = 0.63– 0.78). A weak positive correlation (r = 0.22) was detected between the toxicity and pathogenicity of C. purpurea. A negative correlation was established between the weight of sclerotia and the accumulation of EA in them (r = –0.46), which indicated the biological danger of small sclerotia that got into the seed and food batches of grain. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Secale cereale L.</kwd><kwd>Claviceps purpurea  (Fr.) Tul.</kwd><kwd>искусственная инокуляция</kwd><kwd>поражение</kwd><kwd>засоренность</kwd><kwd>биометрия склероциев</kwd><kwd>корреляционные связи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Secale cereale L.</kwd><kwd>Claviceps purpurea  (Fr.) Tul.</kwd><kwd>artificial inoculation</kwd><kwd>lesion</kwd><kwd>infestation</kwd><kwd>sclerotia biometrics</kwd><kwd>correlations</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану по проекту № 0767-2019-0095 «Разработка и внедрение фундаментальных научных инновационных подходов, ориентированных на изучение и использование разнообразия генетических ресурсов, создание адаптивных генисточников озимой ржи с комплексным сочетанием улучшенных параметров селекционно-ценных признаков; на создание сортов озимой ржи северного экотипа целевого использования с повышенной зимостойкостью, стабильной продуктивностью, устойчивостью к биотическим и абиотическим стрессорам; на разработку технологии производства современных сортов для повышения эффективности использования их продуктивного потенциала с учетом изменения климатических условий и нарастания фитопатогенной нагрузки для укрепления продовольственной безопасности страны и создания продуктов здорового питания».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was performed within the framework of the State Task, research theme No. FSZS-2019-0095 “Development and implementation of fundamental scientific innovative approaches focused on the study and use of the diversity of genetic resources, generation of adaptable genetic sources of winter rye with a complex combination of improved parameters of traits valuable for breeding; on the development of winter rye cultivars of the northern ecotype for targeted use with increased winter hardiness, stable productivity, resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors; on the development of a technology for the production of modern cultivars to improve the efficiency of implementing their productive potential, taking into account changes in climatic conditions and an increase in phytopathogenic pressure to strengthen the country’s food security and release healthy food products”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гагкаева Т.Ю., Дмитриев А.П., Павлюшин В.А. 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