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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2022-4-97-106</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-1390</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDYING AND UTILIZATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Физиолого-биохимические особенности сортов инжира (Ficus carica L.) коллекции Никитского ботанического сада</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Physiological and biochemical features of fig cultivars (Ficus carica L.) from the collection of the Nikita Botanical Gardens</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0509-3990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкина</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkina</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник, </p><p>295007 Республика Крым, Симферополь, пр. Академика Вернадского, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher, </p><p>4 Akademika Vernadskogo Ave., Simferopol 295007, Republic of Crimea</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">schischkina.el2012@yandex.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4507-7944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дунаевская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dunaevskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник, </p><p>298648 Республика Крым, Ялта, Никита, Никитский спуск, 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, </p><p>52 Nikitsky Spusk, Nikita, Yalta 298648, Republic of Crimea</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">agroecology2019@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4079-4514</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пилькевич</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pilkevich</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, </p><p>298648 Республика Крым, Ялта, Никита, Никитский спуск, 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher,</p><p>52 Nikitsky Spusk, Nikita, Yalta 298648, Republic of Crimea</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7955-3999</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марчук</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchuk</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник,</p><p>298648 Республика Крым, Ялта, Никита, Никитский спуск, 52</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher,</p><p>52 Nikitsky Spusk, Nikita, Yalta 298648, Republic of Crimea</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neka-m@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Крымский федеральный университет им. В.И. Вернадского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Никитский ботанический сад – Национальный научный центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nikita Botanical Gardens – National Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>183</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шишкина Е.Л., Дунаевская Е.В., Пилькевич Р.А., Марчук Н.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шишкина Е.Л., Дунаевская Е.В., Пилькевич Р.А., Марчук Н.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shishkina E.L., Dunaevskaya E.V., Pilkevich R.A., Marchuk N.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1390">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1390</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Выявление перспективных сортов Ficus carica L. с высоким содержанием БАВ в плодах и повышенной адаптивностью к дефициту влаги актуально для селекции и практического плодоводства в засушливых регионах.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Оценку засухоустойчивости и химический анализ инжира проводили по общепринятым методикам. Содержание эссенциальных элементов после сухого озоления определяли на атомно-абсорбционном спектрофотометре «Квант 2МТ».</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Плоды сорта ‘Муасон’ выделяются наибольшим содержанием сухого вещества (26,60 ± 1,30%), суммы фенольных соединений (169,0 ± 26,0 мг%), сахаров (моно – 15,03 ± 1,25%; сумма – 17,46 ± 0,56%), водорастворимого пектина (1,17%), суммы пектиновых веществ (1,99%) и К (13565 ± 805 мг/кг); плоды ‘Поморийского’ – максимальным содержанием Ca (532 ± 65 мг/кг), Mg (982 ± 121 мг/кг), Mn (1,98 ± 0,18 мг/кг); ‘Сабруции Розовой’ – содержанием аскорбиновой кислоты (17,32 ± 0,78 мг%), Fe (15,4 ± 2,0 мг/кг), Zn (10,7 ± 1,4 мг/кг) и Cu (1,44 ± 0,13 мг/кг). Сорт ‘Сабруция Розовая обладает высокой устойчивостью к засухе, ‘Поморийский’ – средней степенью стойкости, ‘Муасон’ демонстрирует низкие показатели водного режима. Потеря листьями 15–20% влаги является критической, превышающее эту границу обезвоживание приводит к невозможности восстановления удовлетворительного тургора. Заключение. Плоды изученных сортов инжира относятся к группе продуктов с высоким содержанием K и Mg, и удовлетворительным содержанием Fe, Zn и Mn. Выделен потенциально адаптивный, устойчивый к гидротермическому стрессу сорт ‘Сабруция Розовая’, обладающий повышенными водоудерживающими силами и высокой репарационной способностью тканей листьев, который рекомендуется для использования в селекционной работе на засухоустойчивость и создания промышленных насаждений в засушливых регионах. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Identification of promising fig cultivars (Ficus carica L.) with high content of bioactive compounds in fruits and increased adaptability to moisture deficiency is important for breeding and fruit growing in arid regions.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The chemical analysis of fruits was performed using conventional methods. The content of essential elements was measured on a Kvant 2MT atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Drought resistance was assessed using the method of determining the water-holding capacity and resistance to dehydration in the leaves of fruit crops.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Fruits of cv. ‘Muason’ demonstrated the highest dry matter content (26.60 ± 1.30%), total phenolic compounds (169.0±26.0 mg%), sugars (mono: 15.03 ± 1.25%, and total: 17.46 ± 0.56%), water-soluble pectin (1.17%), total pectin substances (1.99%), and K (13565 ± 805 mg/kg); fruits of cv. ‘Pomoriysky’ had the maximum content of Ca (532 ± 65 mg/kg), Mg (982 ± 121 mg/kg), and Mn (1.98 ± 0.182 mg/kg); ‘Sabrutsiya Rozovaya’ excelled in the content of ascorbic acid (17.32 ± 0.78 mg%), Fe (15.413 ± 1.989 mg/kg), Zn (10.688 ± 1.338 mg/kg), and Cu (1.435 ± 0.132 mg/kg). ‘Sabrutsiya Rozovaya’ showed high drought resistance, ‘Pomoriysky’ had a medium degree of resistance, while ‘Muason’ demonstrated low water regime values. The loss of 15–20% of moisture by the leaves is critical: dehydration exceeding this limit leads to the impossibility of restoring satisfactory turgor. Conclusion. Fruits of the studied fig cultivars belong to the group of products with high K and Mg content, and satisfactory content of Fe, Zn and Mn. ‘Sabrutsiya Rozovaya’, a potentially adaptable cultivar with resistance to hydrothermal stress, was identified for its increased water-retaining capacities and high reparative ability of leaf tissues. It is recommended for use in the breeding for drought resistance and for establishment of large-scale plantations in arid regions. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сорт</kwd><kwd>водный режим</kwd><kwd>засухоустойчивость</kwd><kwd>сахара</kwd><kwd>пектиновые вещества</kwd><kwd>фенольные соединения</kwd><kwd>макро- и микроэлементы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cultivar</kwd><kwd>water regime</kwd><kwd>drought resistance</kwd><kwd>sugars</kwd><kwd>pectin substances</kwd><kwd>phenolic compounds</kwd><kwd>macro- and micronutrients</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена по Программе № 14-50-00079, поддержанной Российским научным фондом: «Сохранение и изучение растительного генофонда Никитского ботанического сада и разработка способов получения высокопродуктивных сортов и форм садовых культур для юга России методами классической и молекулярной селекции, биотехнологии и биоинженерии»; направление: «Генофонд плодовых культур».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out under Program No. 14-50-00079 supported by the Russian Science Foundation: “Preservation and study of the plant genetic diversity at the Nikita Botanical Gardens and development of methods for obtaining highly productive cultivars and forms of horticultural crops for the south of Russia by methods of classical and molecular breeding, biotechnology and bioengineering”; Direction: “Genetic diversity of fruit crops”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Hameedawi A.M.S. 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