<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2022-3-111-122</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-1351</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETICS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Создание исходного материала для селекции гороха методом химического мутагенеза и оценка его генетического разнообразия с использованием SSR-маркеров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of source material for pea breeding through chemical mutagenesis and evaluation of its genetic diversity using SSR markers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6246-1214</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнуллина</surname><given-names>К. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gainullina</surname><given-names>K. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайнуллина Карина Петровна - кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, УФИЦ РАН, ИБГ обособленное структурное подразделение УФИЦ РАН; БашНИИСХ – обособленное структурное подразделение УФИЦ РАН.</p><p>450054, Уфа, пр. Октября, 71; 450059, Уфа, ул. Р. Зорге, 19.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karina P. Gainullina - Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, a subdivision of the UFRC RAS; Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, a subdivision of the UFRC RAS.</p><p>71 Oktyabrya Ave., Ufa 450054; 19 R. Zorge St., Ufa 450059.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karina28021985@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1564-164X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулуев</surname><given-names>Б. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuluev</surname><given-names>B. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кулуев Булат Разяпович - доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник.</p><p>450054, Уфа, пр. Октября, 71.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bulat R. Kuluev - Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, a subdivision of the UFRC RAS.</p><p>71 Oktyabrya Ave., Ufa 450054.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuluev@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-869X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давлетов</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davletov</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Давлетов Фирзинат Аглямович - доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, главный научный сотрудник.</p><p>450059, Уфа, ул. Р. Зорге, 19.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Firzinat A. Davletov - Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Chief Researcher, Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, a subdivision of the UFRC RAS.</p><p>19 R. Zorge St., Ufa 450059.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">davletovfa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук, Институт биохимии и генетики; Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук, Башкирский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics; Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук, Институт биохимии и генетики<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук, Башкирский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>183</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гайнуллина К.П., Кулуев Б.Р., Давлетов Ф.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гайнуллина К.П., Кулуев Б.Р., Давлетов Ф.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gainullina K.P., Kuluev B.R., Davletov F.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1351">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1351</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Горох посевной (Pisum sativum L.) является ценной зернобобовой культурой мирового значения. Основной проблемой современной селекции культурных растений, в том числе гороха, стало снижение генетического разнообразия. Один из способов повышения генетического полиморфизма – применение химически индуцированного мутагенеза. Азид натрия (NaN3) является высокоэффективным химическим мутагеном, который с успехом применяется в мутационной селекции для повышения продуктивности культурных растений и приобретения ими новых признаков, в связи с этим он был использован нами для получения нового селекционного материала гороха.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведены опыты по получению мутантов гороха сорта ‘Памяти Хангильдина’ с помощью азида натрия в концентрации 1, 5 и 10 мМ и времени воздействия 3 и 9 ч. Молекулярно-генетический полиморфизм растений М2 и исходного сорта оценивали с использованием 10 SSR-маркеров из геномной библиотеки микросателлитов (Agrogene®, Франция).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты.  Установлены  оптимальные  концентрации  азида  натрия  и продолжительность  обработки  им  семян: 1–5 мМ в течение 3 ч. Получено 16 мутантных популяций, у 10 из которых было обнаружено изменение типа листовой пластины. Анализ элементов продуктивности выявил достоверное превосходство (p &lt; 0,05) над исходным сортом ‘Памяти Хангильдина’ мутантных популяций № 1, № 5, № 9, № 10, № 15, № 16 по количеству семян в бобе, № 9, № 16 – по массе 1000 семян, № 16 – по массе семян с растения. Построенная на основе данных SSR-анализа дендрограмма отражает степень различий между популяциями растений гороха М2 и исходным сортом ‘Памяти Хангильдина’.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные мутантные популяции планируется использовать в селекции гороха как источники высокой озерненности бобов, семенной продуктивности, массы семян с растения и крупности семян. Микросателлитный анализ, выполненный по 10 SSR-маркерам, выявил различия между мутантными популяциями М2 уровне и позволил их паспортизировать.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a valuable leguminous crop of worldwide importance. The main problem of modern plant breeding is a decrease in the genetic diversity of crops, including pea. One of the ways to increase genetic polymorphism is the use of chemically induced mutagenesis. Sodium azide (NaN3) is a highly effective chemical mutagen successfully used in mutation breeding to increase the productivity of cultivated plants and enrich them with new useful traits. We used it to obtain new pea breeding material.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Experiments were carried out to obtain pea mutants using sodium azide at the concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 mM and the exposure time of 3 and 9 h. Molecular genetic polymorphism of the М2 plants and the original cultivar was assessed using 10 SSR markers from the microsatellite genomic library (Agrogene®, France).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Optimal concentrations of sodium azide and the duration of seed treatment with it were identified: 1–5 mM for 3 h. Sixteen mutant populations were obtained; in ten of them a change in the leaf type was found. An analysis of the yield structure components revealed a significant superiority (p &lt; 0.05) over the initial cultivar ‘Pamyati Khangildina’ in the mutant populations No. 1, No. 5, No. 9, No. 10, No. 15 and No. 16 in the number of seeds per pod, No. 9 and No. 16 in the weight of 1000 seeds, and No. 16 in the weight of seeds per plant. A dendrogram constructed on the basis of the SSR analysis data showed the degree of differences between the M2 populations of pea plants and the initial cultivar ‘Pamyati Khangildina’.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The obtained mutant populations are planned to be used in pea breeding as sources of high seed numbers in pods, seed yield, seed weight per plant, and large seed size. A microsatellite analysis with 10 SSR markers revealed differences among the M2 mutant populations at the genetic level and made it possible to identify them.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Pisum sativum</kwd><kwd>азид натрия</kwd><kwd>семенная продуктивность</kwd><kwd>микросателлитные маркеры</kwd><kwd>генетический полиморфизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Pisum sativum</kwd><kwd>sodium azide</kwd><kwd>seed yield</kwd><kwd>microsatellite markers</kwd><kwd>genetic polymorphism</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке гранта РНФ (региональный конкурс) № 22-14-20049 (соглашение № 1 от 06.06.2022 г.). Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was carried out with financial support from the grant of the Russian Science Foundation (regional competition): No. 22-14-20049 (Agreement No. 1 of 06.06.2022). The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Broertjes C., van Harten A.M. Applied mutation breeding for vegetatively propagated crops. Developments in Crop Science. 1988;12:197-204. DOI: 10.1007/BF00024972</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Broertjes C., van Harten A.M. Applied mutation breeding for vegetatively propagated crops. Developments in Crop Science. 1988;12:197-204. DOI: 10.1007/BF00024972</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Давлетов Ф.А. Селекция и технология производства гороха в Башкортостане. Уфа: Мир печати; 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davletov F.A. Breeding and production technology of pea in Bashkortostan (selektsiya i tekhnologiya proizvodstva gorokha v Bashkortostane). Ufa: Mir pechati; 2015. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Divanli-Türkan A., Khawar K.M., Ozcan S. Effects of mutagenic sodium azide (NaN3) on in vitro development of four pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 2006;8(3):349-353. DOI: 1560-8530/2006/08-3-349-351</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Divanli-Türkan A., Khawar K.M., Ozcan S. Effects of mutagenic sodium azide (NaN3) on in vitro development of four pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 2006;8(3):349-353. DOI: 1560-8530/2006/08-3-349-351</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дзюбенко Н.И. Вавиловская стратегия пополнения, сохранения и рационального использования генетических ресурсов культурных растении и их диких родичей. Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции. 2012;169:4-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dzyubenko N.I. Vavilov strategy of collecting, maintaining and rational utilization of plant genetic resources of cultivated plants and their wild relatives. Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding. 2012;169:4-40. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайнуллина К.П., Кулуев Б.Р., Давлетов Ф.А. Оценка генетического разнообразия сортов и линий гороха с помощью SSR-анализа. Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции. 2020;181(3):70-80. DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2020-3-70-80</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gainullina K.P., Kuluev B.R., Davletov F.A. Genetic diversity assessment in pea cultivars and lines using the SSR analysis. Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding. 2020;181(3):70-80. [in Russian] DOI: 10.30901/2227-8834-2020-3-70-80</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jain S.M. In vitro mutagenesis for improving date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 2012;24(5):400-407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jain S.M. In vitro mutagenesis for improving date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 2012;24(5):400-407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jain S.M., Suprasanna P. Induced mutations for enhancing nutrition and food production. Gene Conserve. 2011;40:201-215.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jain S.M., Suprasanna P. Induced mutations for enhancing nutrition and food production. Gene Conserve. 2011;40:201-215.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kharkwal M.C., Shu Q.Y. The role of induced mutations in world food security. In: Q.Y. Shu (ed.). Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era. Rome: FAO; 2009. p.33-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharkwal M.C., Shu Q.Y. The role of induced mutations in world food security. In: Q.Y. Shu (ed.). Induced Plant Mutations in the Genomics Era. Rome: FAO; 2009. p.33-38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kleinhofs A., Warner R.L., Muehlbauer F.J., Nilan R.A. Induction and selection of specific gene mutations in Hordeum and Pisum. Mutation Research. 1978;51(1):29-35. DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(78)90005-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kleinhofs A., Warner R.L., Muehlbauer F.J., Nilan R.A. Induction and selection of specific gene mutations in Hordeum and Pisum. Mutation Research. 1978;51(1):29-35. DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(78)90005-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar S. Recessive monogenic mutation in grain pea (Pisum sativum) that causes pyridoxine requirement for growth and seed production. Journal of Biosciences. 1988;13(4):415-418.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar S. Recessive monogenic mutation in grain pea (Pisum sativum) that causes pyridoxine requirement for growth and seed production. Journal of Biosciences. 1988;13(4):415-418.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee M. Genome projects and gene pools: new germplasm for plant breeding? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1998;95(5):2001-2004. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.5.2001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee M. Genome projects and gene pools: new germplasm for plant breeding? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1998;95(5):2001-2004. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.5.2001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макашева Р.Х. Горох. Ленинград: Колос; 1973.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makasheva R.Kh. Pea (Gorokh). Leningrad: Kolos; 1973. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maluszynski M., Szarejko I., Bhatia C.R., Nichterlein K., Lagoda P.J.L. Methodologies for generating variability. In: S. Ceccarelli, E.P. Guimarаes, E. Weltzien (eds). Plant Breeding and Farmers Participation. Rome: FAO; 2009. p.159-194.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maluszynski M., Szarejko I., Bhatia C.R., Nichterlein K., Lagoda P.J.L. Methodologies for generating variability. In: S. Ceccarelli, E.P. Guimarаes, E. Weltzien (eds). Plant Breeding and Farmers Participation. Rome: FAO; 2009. p.159-194.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monteiro M.S., Lopes T., Mann R.M., Paiva C., Soares A.M.V.M., Santos C. Microsatellite instability in Lactuca sativa chronically exposed to cadmium. Mutation Research. 2009;672(2):90-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.10.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monteiro M.S., Lopes T., Mann R.M., Paiva C., Soares A.M.V.M., Santos C. Microsatellite instability in Lactuca sativa chronically exposed to cadmium. Mutation Research. 2009;672(2):90-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.10.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pilu R., Panzeri D., Gavazzi G., Rasmussen S.K., Consonni G., Nielsen E. Phenotypic, genetic and molecular characterization of a maize low phytic acid mutant (lpa241). Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 2003;107(6):980-987. DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1316-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pilu R., Panzeri D., Gavazzi G., Rasmussen S.K., Consonni G., Nielsen E. Phenotypic, genetic and molecular characterization of a maize low phytic acid mutant (lpa241). Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 2003;107(6):980-987. DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1316-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sander C., Muehlbauer F.J. Mutagenic effects of sodium azide and gamma irradiation in Pisum. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 1977;17(1):43-47. DOI: 10.1016/0098-8472(77)90019-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sander C., Muehlbauer F.J. Mutagenic effects of sodium azide and gamma irradiation in Pisum. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 1977;17(1):43-47. DOI: 10.1016/0098-8472(77)90019-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Şen A., Sarsu F. Genetic diversity in sodium azide induced wheat mutants studied by SSR markers. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences. 2018;19(2):129-135. DOI: 10.23902/trkjnat.424305</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Şen A., Sarsu F. Genetic diversity in sodium azide induced wheat mutants studied by SSR markers. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences. 2018;19(2):129-135. DOI: 10.23902/trkjnat.424305</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spencer-Lopes M.M., Forster B.P., Jankuloski L. (eds). Manual on mutation breeding. Rome: FAO; Vienna: IAEA; 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spencer-Lopes M.M., Forster B.P., Jankuloski L. (eds). Manual on mutation breeding. Rome: FAO; Vienna: IAEA; 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suprasanna P., Mirajkar S.J., Bhagwat S.G. Induced mutations and crop improvement. In: B. Bahadur, M.V. Rajam, S. Leela, K.V. Krishnamurthy (eds). Plant Biology and Biotechnology. Vol. I. Plant Diversity, Organization, Function and Improvement. New Delhi: Springer; 2015. p.593-617. DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-2286-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suprasanna P., Mirajkar S.J., Bhagwat S.G. Induced mutations and crop improvement. In: B. Bahadur, M.V. Rajam, S. Leela, K.V. Krishnamurthy (eds). Plant Biology and Biotechnology. Vol. I. Plant Diversity, Organization, Function and Improvement. New Delhi: Springer; 2015. p.593-617. DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-2286-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Till B.J., Cooper J., Tai T.H., Colowit P., Greene E.A., Henikoff S. et al. Discovery of chemically induced mutations in rice by TILLING. BMC Plant Biology. 2007;7(1):19. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-7-19</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Till B.J., Cooper J., Tai T.H., Colowit P., Greene E.A., Henikoff S. et al. Discovery of chemically induced mutations in rice by TILLING. BMC Plant Biology. 2007;7(1):19. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-7-19</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Varshney R.K., Graner A., Sorrells M.E. Genic microsatellite markers in plants: features and applications. Trends in Biotechnology. 2005;23(1):48-55. DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.11.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varshney R.K., Graner A., Sorrells M.E. Genic microsatellite markers in plants: features and applications. Trends in Biotechnology. 2005;23(1):48-55. DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.11.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wannajindaporn A., Kativat C., Tantasawat P.A. Mutation induction of Dendrobium ‘Earsakul’ using sodium azide. HortScience. 2016;51(11):1363-1370. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI10860-16</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wannajindaporn A., Kativat C., Tantasawat P.A. Mutation induction of Dendrobium ‘Earsakul’ using sodium azide. HortScience. 2016;51(11):1363-1370. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI10860-16</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
