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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2022-3-132-139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-1342</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННАЯ СЕЛЕКЦИЯ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DOMESTIC PLANT BREEDING AT THE PRESENT STAGE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Характеристика межлинейных гибридов F1 арбуза столового по степени доминирования и величине истинного и гипотетического гетерозиса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Characteristics of interline table watermelon F1 hybrids according to the degrees of dominance and indices of true and hypothetical heterosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5580-4813</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Варивода</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Varivoda</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Варивода Елена Александровна - старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>404067, Волгоградская обл., Быковский р-н, пос. Зелёный, ул. Сиреневая, 11.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Varivoda - Senior Researcher, Federal scientific vegetable center, Bikovskaya Cucurbit Breeding Experimental Station – branch of the FSBSI FSVC.</p><p>11 Sirenevaya St., Zelyony Settlem., Bykovsky Dist., Volgograd Province 404067.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena-varivoda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6407-2631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байбакова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baibakova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Байбакова Нина Генриховна - старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>404067, Волгоградская обл., Быковский р-н, пос. Зелёный, ул. Сиреневая, 11.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina G. Baibakova - Senior Researcher, Federal scientific vegetable center, Bikovskaya Cucurbit Breeding Experimental Station – branch of the FSBSI FSVC.</p><p>11 Sirenevaya St., Zelyony Settlem., Bykovsky Dist., Volgograd Province 404067.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный центр овощеводства, Быковская бахчевая селекционная опытная станция – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal scientific vegetable center, Bikovskaya Cucurbit Breeding Experimental Station – branch of the FSBSI FSVC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>183</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>132</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Варивода Е.А., Байбакова Н.Г., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Варивода Е.А., Байбакова Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Varivoda E.A., Baibakova N.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1342">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1342</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. В селекции растений гетерозис является одним из важнейших и перспективных направлений. Развитие гетерозисной селекции в бахчеводстве позволит получать гибриды с высокой приспосабливаемостью к различным условиям выращивания, высоким гетерозисным эффектом по количественным и качественным признакам.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследования проводились в богарных условиях Волгоградского Заволжья. Объект исследований – гетерозисные гибриды арбуза. Методы исследования – гибридизация и инцухт. Стандарт – гибрид арбуза Бархан F1.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В результате исследований по средней массе плода стандарт превысили гибриды ЧmsМт и ЧmsФт на 1,1 кг. Самая высокая средняя урожайность за два года исследований отмечена у гибридов F1 ЧmsНц – 24,3 т/га, ЧmsФт – 24,1 т/га, ЧmsМт – 23,1 т/га (стандарт – 20,8 т/га). Наследование массы плода по принципу сверхдоминирования отмечено у гибридов ЧmsМк, ЧmsРн, ЧmsНц, ЧmsМт. Эти же гибриды по массе плода отличались положительными показателями гипотетического и истинного гетерозиса. Высокую степень доминирования по урожайности показали гибриды ЧmsФт, ЧmsНц, ЧmsИр. У всех гетерозисных гибридов арбуза показатель гипотетического гетерозиса имеет  положительные  результаты.  Отрицательный  истинный  гетерозис  (–0,49%)  отмечен  у гибридов  ЧmsРн и ЧmsПХ. У остальных исследуемых гибридов арбуза истинный гетерозис имел положительные показатели и колебался от 2,4% у ЧmsИр до 11,06% у ЧmsФт.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выделены гетерозисные гибриды арбуза, созданные на основе стерильной материнской линии Чms, обладающие высокими показателями истинного и гипотетического гетерозиса по показателям массы плода и урожайности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Heterosis is one of the most important and promising plant breeding trends. Its development will make it possible to obtain hybrids with high adaptability and a high heterosis effect in their quantitative and qualitative characteristics.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The studies were carried out under dry conditions of the Volgograd Trans-Volga region in 2019–2020. Heterotic hybrids of table watermelon served as the research material, and hybridization and inbreeding as research methods. The heterotic F1 hybrid of watermelon Barkhan was used as the reference.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The characteristics of heterotic watermelon hybrids were compared with the parental forms and the Barkhan F1 reference. The length of the growing season in heterotic hybrids was inherited intermediately. In the average fruit weight, the reference was exceeded by the hybrids ChmsMt and ChmsFt by 1.1 kg. The highest average yield for the two years of research was observed in the F1 hybrids ChmsNts (24.3 t/ha), ChmsFt (24.1) and ChmsMt (23.1) (reference: 20.8 t/ha). The inheritance of fruit weight according to the principle of overdominance occurred in the F1 hybrids ChmsMk, ChmsRn, ChmsNts and ChmsMt. In their fruit weight, the same hybrids showed positive indices of hypothetical and true heterosis. The F1 hybrids ChmsFt, ChmsNts and ChmsIR demonstrated high degrees of dominance in yield (1.8 to 5.0%). The index of hypothetical heterosis had positive results in all studied heterotic watermelon hybrids. Negative true heterosis (–0.49%) was observed in two F1 hybrids, ChmsRn and ChmsPH. The remaining watermelon hybrids had positive true heterosis indices that ranged from 2.4% in ChmsIR to 11.06% in ChmsFt.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. As a result of the studies, heterotic hybrids of watermelon, developed on the basis of the sterile mother line Chms, were identified for high indices of true and hypothetical heterosis in fruit weight and yield parameters.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гетерозисные гибриды</kwd><kwd>урожайность</kwd><kwd>масса плода</kwd><kwd>наследование признаков</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heterotic hybrids</kwd><kwd>yield</kwd><kwd>fruit weight</kwd><kwd>inheritance of traits</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена по Государственному заданию № FNRN-2019-0067 ФНП Фундаментальные научные исследования «Создать сорта и гибриды овощных, бахчевых и цветочных культур с комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков для открытого грунта и различных культивационных сооружений, различных целей использования (свежее потребление, переработка, хранение), высокими потребительскими качествами и повышенным содержанием БАВ с целью включения в технологии разного уровня интенсивности». Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out according to State Task No. FNRN-2019-0067 FNP: Fundamental scientific research “To create cultivars and hybrids of vegetable, cucurbit and flower crops with a set of valuable agronomic traits for open ground and various cultivation facilities, for various uses (fresh consumption, processing, and storage), with high consumer qualities and high content of bioactive compounds in order to include them in technologies of different intensity levels”. The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агроклиматический справочник по Волгоградской области. 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