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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2022-2-177-182</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-1292</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИММУНИТЕТ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IMMUNITY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Устойчивость черешни и вишни к коккомикозу</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Leaf spot resistance in sweet and sour cherries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2717-3038</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ленивцева</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lenivtseva</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ленивцева Мария Сергеевна - кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук.</p><p>350901, Краснодар, ул. 40 лет Победы, 39.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya S. Lenivtseva - Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking.</p><p>39, 40 let Pobedy St., Krasnodar 350901.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">masha@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-6640</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецова Анна Павловна - кандидат биологических наук, заведующая лабораторией.</p><p>350901 Краснодар, ул. 40 лет Победы, 39.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna P. Kuznetsova - Cand. Sci. (Biology), Head of a Laboratory, North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making.</p><p>39, 40 let Pobedy St., Krasnodar 350901.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anpalkuz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3019-0306</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радченко</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radchenko</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Радченко Евгений Евгеньевич - доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник, заведующий отделом.</p><p>190000, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny E. Radchenko - Dr. Sci. (Biology), Chief Researcher, Head of a Department, N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic  Resources.</p><p>42,  44 Bolshaya  Morskaya  Street,  St. Petersburg  190000.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eugene_radchenko@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>183</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>177</fpage><lpage>182</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ленивцева М.С., Кузнецова А.П., Радченко Е.Е., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ленивцева М.С., Кузнецова А.П., Радченко Е.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lenivtseva M.S., Kuznetsova A.P., Radchenko E.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1292">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1292</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Коккомикоз (возбудитель – гриб Coccomyces hiemalis Higg.) в течение многих лет является одним из самых вредоносных заболеваний косточковых культур. Возрастающая генетическая однородность используемых в селекции форм способствует ускорению адаптивной микроэволюции патогена и преодолению эффективных ранее генов устойчивости. Исследовали структуру популяций C. hiemalis из Краснодарского края по вирулентности к образцам-дифференциаторам и оценивали эффективность новых доноров устойчивости к патогену.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Изучали полиморфизм трех популяций гриба по числу рас (фенотипов вирулентности), которые определяли с помощью дифференциаторов. В лабораторных экспериментах оценивали устойчивость новых отдаленных гибридов к 50 монопустульным изолятам гриба.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и выводы</title><p>Результаты и выводы. Выявили пять фенотипов гриба, различающихся по вирулентности к шести образцам черешни и вишни. Отмечено возрастание частот фенотипов вирулентности, способных сильно поражать доноры, используемые в селекции на иммунитет. Для расширения генетического разнообразия устойчивых к C. hiemalis сортов вишни и черешни предлагаются 5 гибридов (3-61-4-139, 3-39-5-47, 3-107-6-28, АИ 5 Б-Д-2-4-27, 3-76), защищенных генами устойчивости к коккомикозу, которые перенесены от Prunus serrulata Lindl. Аллели генов устойчивости этих образцов не тождественны аллелям устойчивости используемых в селекции образцов Сеянец № 1, Мутант 561, ‘Алмаз’, Кусумкент 8, курильская Ветровое 11 и сахалинская БГ-35. Сеянец 3-20-5-23 (P. serrulata × Northstar) неустойчив к ряду клонов гриба. Предполагается, что этот образец и курильская Ветровое 11 защищены идентичными аллелями генов устойчивости, которые отличаются от аллелей, имеющихся у пяти новых гибридных форм.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Cherry leaf spot (caused by the fungus Coccomyces hiemalis Higg.) has been one of the most harmful diseases of stone fruits for many years. The increasing genetic homogeneity of plant forms used in breeding promotes the acceleration of the pathogen’s adaptive microevolution and the overcoming of previously effective resistance genes. The structure of C. hiemalis populations from Krasnodar Territory in terms of their virulence to a set of differentiators and the effectiveness of new leaf spot resistance donors were studied.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The polymorphism in three populations of the fungus was assessed by the frequencies of virulence phenotypes which were identified using six differentiators. The resistance of new distant hybrids to 50 monopustular isolates was assessed in laboratory experiments.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and conclusions</title><p>Results and conclusions. Five phenotypes of the fungus, differing in virulence to six cherry genotypes, were identified. An increase was observed in the frequencies of virulence phenotypes capable of strongly affecting donors used in breeding for resistance. Five hybrids are proposed to expand the genetic diversity of sour and sweet cherry cultivars resistant to C. hiemalis: 3-61-4-139, 3-39-5-47, 3-107-6-28, AI 5 B-D-2-4-27, and 3-76. They are protected by the leaf spot resistance genes that have been transferred from Prunus serrulata Lindl. The alleles of the resistance genes in these plants are not identical to the resistance alleles in the genotypes Seyanets No. 1, Mutant 561, ‘Almaz’, Kusumkent 8, Vetrovoe 11 (P. kurilensis Miyabe), and BG-35 (P. sargentii Rehd.), all used in breeding. Seedling 3-20-5-23 (P. serrulata × Northstar) was not resistant to a number of C. hiemalis clones. It is assumed that this genotype and Vetrovoe 11 (P. kurilensis) are protected by identical alleles of resistance genes, which differ from the alleles present in the five new hybrid forms.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>косточковые культуры</kwd><kwd>Coccomyces hiemalis Higg.</kwd><kwd>резистентность</kwd><kwd>популяции</kwd><kwd>дифференциаторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>stone fruit crops</kwd><kwd>Coccomyces hiemalis Higg.</kwd><kwd>resistance</kwd><kwd>populations</kwd><kwd>differentiators</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование  выполнено  при  финансовой  поддержке  Кубанского  научного  фонда  и ООО  «ОПХ им. К.А. Тимирязева» в рамках научного проекта № МФИ-П-20.1/12 и согласно тематическому плану ВИР по проекту № 0481-2022-0004 «Совершенствование подходов и методов &lt;i&gt;ex situ&lt;/i&gt;  сохранения идентифицированного генофонда вегетативно размножаемых культур и их диких родичей, разработка технологий их эффективного использования в селекции». Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Kuban Scientific Foundation and the K.A. Timiryazev Experiment and Production Farm within the framework of Scientific Project No. MFI-P-20.1/12 and according to the theme plan of VIR, Project No. 0481-2022-0004 “Improving the approaches and methods for &lt;i&gt;ex situ&lt;/i&gt;  conservation of the identified genetic diversity of vegetatively propagated crops and their wild relatives, and development of technologies for their effective utilization in plant breeding”. 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