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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2017-1-58-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-122</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОЛЛЕКЦИИ МИРОВЫХ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРИОРИТЕТНЫХ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COLLECTIONS OF THE WORLD’S CROP GENETIC RESOURCES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIORITY PLANT BREEDING TRENDS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ  AVENA  MACROSTACHYA  ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ЗИМОСТОЙКОСТИ ОВСА В ПОЛЬШЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>USING  AVENA  MACROSTACHYA   FOR IMPROVEMENT OF OAT WINTERHARDINESS IN POLAND</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапински</surname><given-names>Б. .</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapinski</surname><given-names>B. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">b.lapinski@ihar.edu.pl</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рачвалска</surname><given-names>А. .</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rachwalska</surname><given-names>A. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный центр по генетическим ресурсам растений, Институт селекции и акклиматизации растений (ИСАР) - Национальный исследовательский институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR)- National Research Institute- Radzikow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт селекции и акклиматизации растений (ИСАР), Экспериментальная станция в Гродковице</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) Experiment Station Grodkowice</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>178</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лапински Б..., Рачвалска А..., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лапински Б..., Рачвалска А...</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lapinski B..., Rachwalska A...</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/122">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/122</self-uri><abstract><p>Польская программа по улучшению зимостойкости овса началась c 2002 г. Иностранные зимующие сорта и линии овса были скрещены с выделенными образцами тетраплоидного многолетнего дикого вида Avena macrostachya Bal. ex Coss et Dur. Гибриды F1 клонировали, обрабывали колхицином и, для спонтанного опыления, выращивали вместе с зимующими сортами овса. Были получены три гибрида, из которых два сформировали семена. Большие различия были замечены в уровне фертильности и структуре хромосом в потомстве двух гибридов. Следующее поколение (B1F1 или F2) состояло из растений с числом хромосом от 40 до 49, октоплоидов (2n = 56) и растений, несущих в своем генотипе от 60 до 70 хромосом. Растения из первой группы мнимых гексаплоидов, как правило, обладали мужской стерильностью, но после дополнительного бекрос-сирования пыльцой A. sativa L. они становились фертильными. Показано, что октоплоиды не болеют, формируют большое количество зеленой массы и очень крупное зерно, богатое белком, однако их зерновая продуктивность не велика (в настоящее время она составляет только 50-67% от урожайности лучших зимующих сортов овса) и вегетационный период удлинен. Последний суровый зимний сезон (2015/2016 гг.) был полезным для отбора нескольких новых гексаплоидных линий из комбинаций скрещиваний 6х х 8х, сделанные для трансгрессии морозоустойчивости от октоплоидного родителя. Аллоплоиды sativa-macrostachya с уровнем плоидности 8х или 10х оказались эффективными источниками зимостойкости для гексаплоидного овса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Polish program of winter oat breeding started in 2002 from interspecific crossing of foreign winter oats with the accessions of tetraploid perennial wild species Avena macrostachya Bal. ex Coss et Dur. Single hybrids were obtained in three cross combinations. Large differences were noticed in fertility level and chromosome constitution of progeny of the intensely cloned and colchicine treated F1 hybrids. The B1F or F2 generation consisted of plants with chromosome numbers between 40 and 49, octoploids (2n=56) and plants carrying 60 to 70 chromosomes. The quasi-hexaploids of the first group were partly or completely sterile, but their chromosome complement was quickly regulated and fertility restored, usually after additional back-cross to A. sativa L. A few generations later they produced valuable breeding strains. In field experiments in Radzikow (near Warsaw) and Grodkowice (near Krakow), they showed high yielding potential and no negative effects of wild germplasm. In the dry seasons 2009 and 2013 winter oats produced yields nearly 100% higher than the spring cultivar standard. Test weight of the winter oat was also ca. 4kg/hl higher than in the spring oat. Two of the husked strains, showing winterhardiness level better than the starting A. sativa population, are in the Polish state variety trials (from 2014 and 2015) 2015. They could be recommended for the regions with stable snow cover, because they were not able to survive naked ground surface temperatures below -14oC, which happened twice in Radzikow and once in Grodkowice in the last 8 years of field trials. Especially the last winter (2015/2016) was destructive, even for the octoploids, which were earlier considered the most winter-hardy oats. The octoploids produce healthy green mass and very large plump grain, rich in protein, however they require a breeding effort to increase yield (now 50-67% of the best winter hexaploids) and to make ripening uniform. The last severe winter season revealed several new hexaploid strains, transgressive in frost resistance to the octo-ploids. The 8x or 10x sativa-macrostachya alloploids proved to be effective sources of winterhardiness for hexaploid oat.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллоплоид</kwd><kwd>Avena macrostachya</kwd><kwd>Avena sativa</kwd><kwd>скрещивание</kwd><kwd>зимостойкость</kwd><kwd>зимующий овес</kwd><kwd>урожай</kwd><kwd>alloploidy</kwd><kwd>Avena macrostachya</kwd><kwd>Avena sativa</kwd><kwd>wide cross</kwd><kwd>winterhardiness</kwd><kwd>winter oat</kwd><kwd>yield</kwd><kwd>alloploidy</kwd><kwd>Avena macrostachya</kwd><kwd>Avena sativa</kwd><kwd>wide cross</kwd><kwd>winterhardiness</kwd><kwd>winter oat</kwd><kwd>yield</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amirshahi M. C., Patterson F. L. 1956. Cold resistance of parent varieties, F2 populations and F3 lines of 20 oat crosses. Agron J, 48, pp. 184-188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amirshahi M. 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