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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2022-1-31-37</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-1190</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDYING AND UTILIZATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение интродуцированных сортов яблони по основным компонентам зимостойкости методом моделирования повреждающих факторов в контролируемых условиях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A study of introduced apple cultivars according to the main components of winter hardiness by simulating damaging factors under controlled conditions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8795-9991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галашева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galasheva</surname><given-names>А. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Мироновна Галашева, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, зав. отделом</p><p>302530, Орловская область, Орловский район, д. Жилина</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna M. Galasheva, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher, Head of a Department</p><p>Zhilina Village, Orlovsky District, Orel Province 302530</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galasheva@vniispk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7896-0149</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нина Глебовна Красова, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, главный научный сотрудник, зав. лабораторией</p><p>302530, Орловская область, Орловский район, д. Жилина</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina G. Krasova, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Chief Researcher, Head of a Laboratory</p><p>Zhilina Village, Orlovsky District, Orel Province 302530</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krasovang@vniispk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1730-4073</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ожерельева</surname><given-names>З. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ozherelieva</surname><given-names>Z. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зоя Евгеньевна Ожерельева, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, зав. лабораторией</p><p>302530, Орловская область, Орловский район, д. Жилина</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zoya E. Ozherelieva, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher, Head of a Laboratory</p><p>Zhilina Village, Orlovsky District, Orel Province 302530</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ozherelieva@vniispk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт селекции плодовых культур</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>183</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Галашева А.М., Красова Н.Г., Ожерельева З.Е., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Галашева А.М., Красова Н.Г., Ожерельева З.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Galasheva А.M., Krasova N.G., Ozherelieva Z.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1190">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1190</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. В России большая часть насаждений плодовых культур находится в зоне рискованного земледелия. В европейской части России в зимний период на плодовые культуры влияют воздействия погодных условий (весенние морозы, засухи, ранние морозы, низкотемпературный стресс, короткий вегетационный период, оттепели). Морозы причиняют 98% повреждений плодовым деревьям.Методы. Однолетние ветки промораживали в японской климатической камере марки Espec PSL-2KPH после предварительной закалки при –5°C и –10°C в течение пяти суток; проводили моделирование повреждающих факторов зимнего периода.Результаты. Биоресурсная коллекция ВНИИСПК содержит 730 сортов яблони из различных научных российских и зарубежных учреждений. Проведен анализ по компонентам морозостойкости сортов, полученных из зарубежных стран: Беларусь, Украина, Латвия, Молдавия, США, Канада. Устойчивость растений к ранним морозам –25°C без закалки и после закалки в начале зимы (I компонент) выявила, что основные ткани (кора, камбий, древесина) имели незначительные повреждения у всех изучаемых сортов. Промораживание однолетних веток у изучаемых сортов яблони при температуре –38°C, –40°C (II компонент), показало: устойчивость максимальной морозостойкости к отрицательной температуре в середине января –38°C у сорта молдавской селекции ‘Coremolda’ (повреждение почек и основных тканей – 0,3–1,0 балла). При температуре –40°C (II компонент) устойчивость коры, камбия и древесины (с повреждениями на уровне 2,0 балла) проявили сорта ‘Coremolda’ (молдавской селекции), ‘Aivaris’ (латвийской селекции), которые могут участвовать в селекции как морозостойкие сорта. Промораживание однолетних ветвей при температуре –25°C после 3-дневной искусственной оттепели при +2°C выявило устойчивость почек и тканей у американского сорта яблони ‘Red Free’ и у сорта молдавской селекции ‘Coremolda’ (III компонент).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Most of the plantings of fruit crops in Russia are located in the zone of risky agriculture. In the European part of Russia, in winter, fruit crops are affected by the impacts of weather conditions (spring frosts, droughts, early frosts, low-temperature stress, a short growing season, and thaws). Frosts cause 98% of the damage to fruit trees.Methods. One-year-old branches were frozen in a Japanese Espec PSL-2KPH climate chamber after prehardening under –5°C and –10°C for 5 days, and damaging factors of the winter period were simulated.Results. The bioresource collection of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) contains 730 appletree cultivars from various domestic and foreign institutions. Apple cultivars from Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Moldova, USA, France, Czech Republic, Sweden and Canada were analyzed for frost resistance components. The resistance of plants to early frosts of–25°C without hardening and after hardening in early winter (Component I) showed that the main tissues (bark, cambium and wood) suffered minor damage in all studied cultivars. In cv. ‘Belarusskoye Sladkoye’, the damage to the bark scored 2.3 points. Among the studied apple cultivars whose one-year-old branches were frozen at –38°C and –40°C (Component II), ‘Coremolda’ (Moldova) showed the highest frost resistance to the negative mid-January temperature of –38°C (damage to the buds and main tissues scored 0.3–1.0 points). Under–40°C (Component II), ‘Coremolda’ (Moldova) and ‘Aivaris’ (Latvian breeding) demonstrated bark, cambium and wood resistance with damages at the level of 2.0 points. These cultivars can be used in breeding programs as sources of frost resistance. Freezing of one-year-old branches under –25°C after a 3-day artificial thaw at +2°C revealed bud and tissue resistance in the American cv. ‘Red Free’ and in cv. ‘Coremolda’ (Component III).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мороз</kwd><kwd>оттепель</kwd><kwd>почки</kwd><kwd>кора</kwd><kwd>камбий</kwd><kwd>древесина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>winter hardiness</kwd><kwd>frost</kwd><kwd>thaw</kwd><kwd>buds</kwd><kwd>bark</kwd><kwd>cambium</kwd><kwd>wood</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки России за счет средств субсидии на выполнение государственного задания №0637-2019-0011. Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the work was carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation under a subsidy for the implementation of State Task No. 0637-2019-0011. The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brierley W.G. The winter hardiness complex in deciduous woody plants. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 1947;50:10-16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brierley W.G. The winter hardiness complex in deciduous woody plants. 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