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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vir-nw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2227-8834</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2619-0982</issn><publisher><publisher-name>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2227-8834-2021-4-27-35</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vir-nw-1062</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОЛЛЕКЦИИ МИРОВЫХ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРИОРИТЕТНЫХ НАПРАВЛЕНИЙ СЕЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COLLECTIONS OF THE WORLD’S CROP GENETIC RESOURCES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIORITY PLANT BREEDING TRENDS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исходный материал для гибридной селекции кукурузы на многопочатковость из коллекции ВИР</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Source material from the VIR collection for hybrid breeding of multiple-ear maize</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-2328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойко</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyko</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>352183 Краснодарский край, Гулькевичский район, п. Ботаника, ул. Центральная, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>2 Tsentralnaya St., Krasnodar 352183</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">boyko_vlad@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7919-1302</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатефов</surname><given-names>Э. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatefov</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000 г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">haed1967@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н. И. Вавилова, Кубанская опытная станция – филиал ВИР<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Kuban Experimental Station of VIR<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н. И. Вавилова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>182</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бойко В.Н., Хатефов Э.Б., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бойко В.Н., Хатефов Э.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Boyko V.N., Khatefov E.B.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1062">https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1062</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Расширение генетического полиморфизма кукурузы с целью повышения ее продуктивности путем вовлечения в селекцию многопочатковых генотипов является актуальной задачей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. На Кубанской опытной станции ВИР в 2017 г. изучено 596 образцов коллекции кукурузы ВИР. В степной зоне Кабардино-Балкарии, на территории ИПА ОТБОР, в 2020 г. испытаны 52 гибрида между многопочатковыми и однопочатковыми линиями кукурузы. Проведен учет селекционно ценных признаков, вычислен коэффициент многопочатковости (kмп) у исходных линий и их гибридного потомства с однопочатковым тестером с ранжированием типа наследования признака многопочатковости у 52 родительских линий.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выделены образцы, характеризующиеся сочетанием многопочатковости с рядом хозяйственно ценных признаков: по высоте растений (балл 5, 126– 175 см) – к-8819, к-9054, к-15269, к-15355, к-15360, к-15331, к-15877, к-15442, к-15443, к-15445, к-8009, к-14344, к-15195, к-15226, к-17385; по высоте прикрепления початка для механизированной уборки (балл 5, 50–70 см) – к-8819, к-15269, к-15355, к-15360, к-14394, к-14904, к-14979, к-14968, к-15292, к-15391, к-9289, к-15322, к-15439, к-15442, к-15443, к-14344. Выделены источники: увеличения длины початка (балл 9, &gt; 20 см) – к-9054, к-4535, к-13730, к-14817, к-14996; увеличения числа рядов на початке (балл 5–9, &gt; 16 рядов зерен) – к-14904, к-14979, к-14968, к-15442, к-15330, к-15322, к-9257; повышения числа зерен в ряду початка (балл 5–9, &gt; 31 зерна в ряду) – к-14904, к-14996, к-15639, к-15353, к-15330, к-15322, к-15344, к-15281, к-15439, к-9357, к-15237. Ранжирование 52 образцов по результатам тест-кросса показало, что девять образцов давали потомство материнского типа (не более одного початка), 26 образцов – промежуточного типа (от 1,1 до 1,5 початков на растении), 11 – отцовского типа (от 1,6 до 2,0 початков на растении) и шесть – гетерозисного типа (более двух початков на растении).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Expanding the genetic polymorphism of maize is an effective way to increase its productivity by involving multiple-ear genotypes in breeding.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. In 2007, 596 maize accessions from VIR were assessed at the Kuban Experiment Station of VIR. In 2020, 52 hybrids between multiple-ear and single-ear maize lines were tested in the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria at the site of the OTBOR Agrifirm. Useful agronomic traits were recorded, the coefficient of prolificacy (kmc) was calculated for the source lines and their hybrid progeny from crosses with a single-ear tester, and 52 parent lines were ranked according to the type of inheritance of the prolificacy feature.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Accessions that combined prolificacy with other useful agronomic traits were identified. The following accessions were selected for their plant height (score 5, 126–175 cm): k-8819, k-9054, k-15269, k-15355, k-15360, k-15331, k-15877, k-15442, k-15443, k-15445, k-8009, k-14344, k-15195, k-15226 and k-17385. Accessions that excelled in the height of the ear attachment for mechanized harvesting (score 5, 50–70 cm) were as follows: k-8819, k-15269, k-15355, k-15360, k-14394, k-14904, k-14979, k-14968, k-15292, k-15391, k-9289, k-15322, k-15439, k-15442, k-15443 and k-14344. Sources of the following traits were identified: long cob (score 9, &gt; 20 cm): k-9054, k-4535, k-13730, k-14817 and k-14996; higher number of rows per ear (score 5–9, &gt; 16 grain rows): k-14904, k-14979, k-14968, k-15442, k-15330, k-15322 and k-9257; and higher number of grains in a row (score 5–9, &gt; 31 grains per row): k-14904, k-14996, k-15639, k-15353, k-15330, k-15322, k-15344, k-15281, k-15439, k-9357 and k-15237. Ranking 52 accessions according to the test cross results showed that 9 of them produced progeny of the maternal type (no more than one ear), 26 of the intermediate type (1.1–1.5 ears per plant), 11 of the paternal type (1.6–2,0 ears) and 6 of heterotic type (more than 2 ears).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Zea mays  L.</kwd><kwd>двухпочатковость</kwd><kwd>трехпочатковость</kwd><kwd>четырехпочатковость</kwd><kwd>урожай зерна</kwd><kwd>хозяйственно ценные признаки</kwd><kwd>гибрид</kwd><kwd>тест-кросс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Zea mays  L.</kwd><kwd>two- three- and four-ear maize</kwd><kwd>grain yield</kwd><kwd>useful agronomic traits</kwd><kwd>hybrid</kwd><kwd>test cross</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ВИР по проекту № 0662-2019-0006 «Поиск, поддержание жизнеспособности и раскрытие потенциала наследственной изменчивости мировой коллекции зерновых и крупяных культур ВИР для развития оптимизированного генбанка и рационального использования в селекции и растениеводстве». Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The research was performed within the framework of the State Task according to the theme plan of VIR, Project No. 0662-2019-0006 “Search for and viability maintenance, and disclosing the potential of hereditary variation in the global collection of cereal and groat crops at VIR for the development of an optimized genebank and its sustainable utilization in plant breeding and crop production”. The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахледиани О.А. Индивидуальная продуктивность растений и элементы структуры урожая. Кукуруза. 1984;5:26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhvlediani O.A. 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