vir-nwТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекцииProceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding2227-88342619-0982N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources10.30901/2227-8834-2021-3-174-181vir-nw-1043Research ArticleИММУНИТЕТ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ И ИХ ДИКИХ РОДИЧЕЙIMMUNITY OF CULTIVATED PLANTS AND THEIR WILD RELATIVESПопуляционно-генетические исследования Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici в Дагестане и на Северо-Западе РоссииPopulation genetics studies of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Dagestan and Northwestern Russiahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3266-6272ШайдаюкE. Л.ShaydayukE. L.

196608 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, ш. Подбельского, 3

3 Podbelskogo Hwy., Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-042XЯковлеваД. Р.YakovlevaD. R.

196608 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, ш. Подбельского, 3

3 Podbelskogo Hwy., Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-1291AбдуллаевK. M.AbdullaevK. M.

368612 Россия, Дагестан, Дербентский р-н, с. Вавилово

Vavilovo Village, Derbentsky District, Republic of Dagestan 368612, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9171-2964ПюккененВ. П.PyukkenenV. P.

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-0307ГультяеваE. И.GultyaevaE. I.

196608 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, ш. Подбельского, 3

3 Podbelskogo Hwy., Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia

eigultyaeva@gmail.comВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растенийРоссияAll-Russian Research Institute of Plant ProtectionRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова, Дагестанская опытная станция – филиал ВИРРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Dagestan Experiment Station of VIRRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И.ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian Federation2021091020211823174181Copyright © Шайдаюк E.Л., Яковлева Д.Р., Aбдуллаев K.M., Пюккенен В.П., Гультяева E.И., 20212021Шайдаюк E.Л., Яковлева Д.Р., Aбдуллаев K.M., Пюккенен В.П., Гультяева E.И.Shaydayuk E.L., Yakovleva D.R., Abdullaev K.M., Pyukkenen V.P., Gultyaeva E.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1043Актуальность

Актуальность. Желтая ржавчина (Puccinia striiformis West.) – вредоносное заболевание зерновых культур. На экспериментальных полях ВИР в Дербенте (Дагестан) и Пушкине (Северо-Западный регион) систематически отмечается значимое поражение желтой ржавчиной посевов коллекционных образцов. Для оценки устойчивости и последующего отбора  исходного для селекции материала необходим мониторинг вирулентности локальных популяций патогена и контроль особо опасных инвазивных групп изолятов PstS1 и PstS2. 

Материалыи методы

Материалыи методы. В Дербенте листья с урединиопустулами были собраны с образцов мягкой и твердой пшеницы, в Пушкине – с мягкой пшеницы и тритикале. Анализ вирулентности патогена в лаборатории проводили с использованием международного и европейского набора сортов-дифференциаторов и изогенных Yr-линий Avocet. В 2020 г. в полевых условиях в Дербенте изучили устойчивость тестерного набора на высоком естественном инфекционном фоне. Для выявления инвазивных изолятов (PstS1, PstS2) использовали SCAR-маркеры.

Результаты и обсуждение

Результаты и обсуждение. Всего определено 18 фенотипов вирулентности (рас) P. striiformis (4 в Дербенте, 14 в Пушкине). Высокой эффективностью в фазе проростков в обеих точках характеризовались гены Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr24 и Yr26. В полевых условиях иммунную реакцию показали линии Avocet с генами Yr5, Yr7, Yr8, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24, YrAR и сорта-дифференциаторы ‘Vilmorin 23’, ‘Moro’, ‘Reichersberg 42’, ‘Heines Peko’, ‘Nord Desprez’, ‘Com pare’, ‘Carstens V’, ‘Spaldings Prolific’, ‘Heines VII’. Умеренно устойчивы линия Jupateco 73R (пораженность до 5%) и сорта ‘Heines Kolben’, ‘Strubes Dickkopf’ (5–10%). С использованием молекулярных маркеров в  пушкинской коллекции P. striiformis выявлено 2 изолята инвазивной группы РstS2.

Background

Background. Yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis West.) is a harmful disease of cereal crops. Significant yellow rust in cidence has systematically been registered on VIR’s experimental fields in Derbent (Dagestan) and Pushkin (North western Russia). Resistance assessment and subsequent selection of resistance sources for breeding require proper monitoring of the virulence in the pathogen’s local populations. The purpose of this work was to characterize the virulence of P. striiformis on VIR’s experimental fields in Derbent and Pushkin, and use molecular markers to find out whether the studied P. striiformis isolates belong to any of the most dangerous invasive groups PstS1 and PstS2.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. In Derbent, leaves with uredinio pustules were collected from bread and durum wheat accessions; in Pushkin, from bread wheat and triticale plants. The pathogen’s virulence was analyzed in the laboratory using the world and European sets of differential cultivars, and isogenic Avocet Yr lines. In 2020, the resistance of differential sets was tested in the field in Derbent under a high natural infection pressure. SCAR markers were used to identify the invasive PstS1 and PstS2 isolates. 

Results and conclusion

Results and conclusion. A total of 18 phenotypes (races) of striiformis were identified (4 in Derbent, and 14 in Pushkin). The Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr24 and Yr26 genes manifested high effectiveness in both locations. In the field, immune responses were observed in the Avocet lines with the Yr5, Yr7, Yr8, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24 and YrAR genes, and in the differential cvs. ‘Vilmorin 23’, ‘Moro’, ‘Reichersberg 42’, ‘Heines Peko’, ‘Nord Desprez’, ‘Compare’, ‘Carstens V’, ‘Spaldings Prolific’ and ‘Heines VII’. Moderate resistance was recorded for the line Jupateco 73R (damage up to 5%), and cvs. ‘Heines Kolben’ and ‘Strubes Dickkopf’ (5–10%). Using molecular markers, 2 isolates from the invasive group PstS2 were identified in the Pushkin collection of P. striiformis.

желтая ржавчинавирулентностьустойчивостьYr-геныTriticum aestivumTriticum durumтритикалеSCAR-маркерыyellow rustvirulenceresistanceYr genesTriticum aestivumTriticum durumtriticaleSCAR markersВсе фитопатологические исследования выполнены при поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект № 19-76-30005. Урединиообразцы <i>P. striiformis</i> были собраны с образцов зерновых культур, изучаемых в Пушкине и Дербенте в рамках государственного задания ВИР по проекту № 0662-2019-0006 «Поиск, поддержание жизнеспособности и раскрытие потенциала наследственной изменчивости мировой коллекции зерновых и крупяных культур ВИР для развития, оптимизированного генбанка и рационального использования в селекции и растениеводстве»All phytopathological research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 19-76-30005. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.